THE SPIDERS OF THE TYNE VALLEY. 397 



for Ireland, but occurs in France, Switzerland, Germany, 

 Hungary, and Austria. 



Epeira diadema (Clerck). Fairly common on gorse bushes, 

 hedges, etc., in Tynedale. The Hexham district possesses 

 few igneous rocks and no slate quarries, so one is not 

 surprised at the absence of the protectively coloured dark 

 form. Of Holarctic distribution. 



Epeira cornuta (Clerck). Rare; one or two examples of 

 each sex were found on the moors in several places near 

 Hexham. Their snares were as usual made on boggy 

 ground amongst the heather. Adult throughout the 

 summer, but most commonly so in autumn. Generally 

 distributed in Europe and Northern Asia. 



Epeira patagiata (Clerck). Abundant on gorse bushes 

 near the Tyne. Adults may be found from May till 

 September. This interesting spider occurs in the North 

 and West of Ireland, but is not yet reported from Scotland. 

 It has occurred also in Dorset, Middlesex, Norfolk, 

 Cheshire, Cumberland, and other localities. It is found 

 in various Continental countries. 



Epeira quadrata (Clerck). This handsome spider occurs 

 sparingly on the moors round Hexham. It is adult from 

 July to October. It is generally distributed in Britain, 

 Ireland, and on the Continent. 



Epeira umbratica (Clerck). Mr. Bagnall obtained this 

 large species at Winlaton. It was found under the bark 

 of a rotten tree, and several specimens were secured. 

 Mr. Hardy found it at Langleyford, and Mr. Hull at 

 Ninebanks, near Allendale. I never observed it whilst 

 living at Hexham. It occurs in many localities from 

 Dorset to Edinburgh, being abundant near Penrith. It 

 has been reported from several Irish localities, is 

 common in the Isle of Man, and has a wide Continental 

 distribution. 



