194 THE BIRDS OF MONGOLIA ETC. 



99. Anthus spinoletta, L. Shevritza vodennaya. 



An uncommon bird in Mongolia, arriving about the end of March or 

 beginning of April, and leaving again in September. In Tsaidam it winters 

 at the unfrozen wells, and makes its appearance at Koko-nor at the end of 

 March ; I am not aw^are if it breeds there or not. 



100. Anthus pratensis, L. Shevritza lugovaya. 



Anthus japonicus J Temm. & Sclileg. 



Is said to be found only in the eastern portion of x\sia ; nevertheless we 

 procured a female specimen of it at Dalai-nor in the month of March. I 

 cannot state whether it was a straggler or remained to breed ; but I never 

 met with this species again there. 



In Ussuri country A. japonicus is tolerably common, arriving at Lake 

 Hanka in the beginning of April, and breeds there on the marshes, usually 

 in places where the grass has been burnt down in the preceding year. 

 During the breeding-season the bird rises singing in the air above the spot 

 where the female is sitting, stopping in its flight, and vibrating with its 

 wings ; it usually does this in the mornings and evenings. The autumnal 

 migration takes place in October; and at that period Anthus pratensis is 

 frequently seen on the coasts of the Japanese Sea. 



101. Anthus rosaceus, Hodgs. 



This Himalayan Pipit was observed by us at Muni-ul and Kan-su ; but 

 in Ala-shan we did not meet with it. It principally inhabits the alpine 

 meadows, where each pair keeps a certain locaUty for itself. In spring its 

 song is very pleasant, particularly at the time when the bird (like our 

 A. pratensis^ rises in the air, vibrating with its wings, and then again 

 descending to the ground. It is common in Kan-su, where they make their 

 appearance about the middle of April. It does not go northwards beyond 

 Muni-ul. 



