OF EASTERN AND SOUTH-EASTERN ABYSSINIA. 57 



covered with them. Hannatopota mactans was also very common along this 

 river — more plentiful than I ever remember having seen it. At Malka Sala, 

 one specimen of Tahanus gratus was caught ; it settled on my arm and was 

 about to start feeding. 



Leaving the Dawa River for Muddo, the " Bal ad" was left behind, as it 

 appears to cling to the banks of the river, never being found very far from 

 them. Between Muddo and Banissa, Pangoma,m small numbers, were again 

 found in the thick bush, but the ffcematojyota seem to have been left near the 

 river. 



Leaving Banissa, and passing in a north-westerly direction, the whole of 

 Borana was traversed, and throughout this great cattle country no biting 

 flies were met with, except the ubiquitous Stomoxijs. Then north through 

 Uraga, Sidamo, Western Arussi, and Gurage to the Abyssinian capital, Addis 

 Abeba, biting flies were conspicuous by their absence, although a little to the 

 west, down in the low-lying country on the shores of the chain of lakes in the 

 Great Rift Valley, native reports said that there were biting flies in plenty. 



It is highly probable that in the low^-lying bush country, known as Gamoji, 

 to the east of Lake Margherita, Pangonia are to be found, but the mountainous 

 region to the west of the lake is, in all probability, free from them. 



Tsetse Flies. 



During the months of November and December, down the valleys of the 

 Rivers Web and Dawa, I found tsetse flies conspicuous by their absence, and 

 this is all the more remarkable, owing to the fact that in identically similar 

 country, and living under somewhat similar conditions on the banks of the 

 Juba River, a little farther south, both Glossina long'q^ennis and Glossina 

 jyallidipes have been reported. 



This absence of tsetse is hard to explain, unless it is due to the entire 

 absence of riverine tribes, together wdth a marked absence of crocodiles. 



During late years, owing to continual raids from the east by the Marehan 

 and Ogaden Somalis, the Gurre tribe, a few of whom used to make gardens 

 on the banks of the Dawa River, have now deserted them, while on the banks 

 of the Juba River, south of Bardera, where the country is free from raiders, 

 the Gosha have large plantations, and it is here where the tsetse is said to be 

 most plentiful, and where, to my own knowledge, crocodiles abound. Probably 

 both Glossina longipennis and Glossina pallidipes live on human blood together 

 with that of crocodiles, which abound in the lower reaches of the Juba, owing 

 to the large population on its banks. 



Not only did I not see a single tsetse fly myself, but the European traders 

 stationed at Dolo told me that they had never seen any there or at Lugh, the 

 Italian station, 30-40 miles down the river. 



My best thanks are due to Mr. E. E. Austen, of the Natural History 

 Museum, for the trouble he has taken in identifying my collection of biting 

 flies. 



