TABANUS TAR AND TABANUS T.ENIOLA. 10 T 



Bv October 18tli several more had completed their life cycles, and on 

 that date, as the writer was proceeding to England on leave, the remaining 

 ones were killed and preserved. 



All those that pupated, did so on the surface of the sand, some high and 

 dry, others half in and half out of the water. Probably, under more natural 

 conditions, the pupal stage would be passed buried in the soil — the structure 

 of the pupal case seems to indicate this. 



The average pupal period was from six to eight days. 



The egy is spindle-shaped, about 1"15 mm. in length and wdiite in colour,, 

 becoming darker as the embryo wdthin develops. 



The mature larva when fully extended measures about 13*5 mm. Colour^ 

 white with a greyish tinge. Mandibles dark brown to black, serrated. 

 On the anterior third of each abdominal segment except the eighth is a ring 

 of pseudopods, eight in each ring — tw^o dorsal, two lateral and four ventral — 

 except on the first abdominal segment, w^here the two dorsal ones are 

 wanting. On the second abdominal segment the two dorsal pseudopods are 

 very small. The pseudopods are largest on the third, fourth and fifth 

 abdominal segments, and are always more developed on the ventral than on 

 the dorsal surface. Each pseudopod bears a crown of colourless spines or 

 hooks, and there are patches of dark spines between the pseudopods. The 

 spines on the dorsal sections of the rings on the first and second abdominal 

 segments are dark. The anus is situated ventrally, at the base of the eighth 

 segment, and is fringed with blackish hairs. The siphon -tube consists of 

 two segments, and, when exserted, is as long as the eighth abdominal 

 segment. 



The pupa is from 12 mm. to 15 mm. in length and at first yellowish 

 white in colour, becoming darker as it nears maturity. The eyes show 

 plainly through the pupal case as dark greenish purple. The empty pupal 

 case is yellowish brown, the thoracic tubercles and the spiracles being 

 darker than the surrounding parts. On the apical third of the second 

 abdominal segment is a fine ring of backwardly pointing spines. Similar 

 but broader rings, bearing longer and stronger spines, are on the third, 

 iburth, fifth and sixth abdominal segments, and one of intermediate breadth 

 on the seventh al)dominnl segment. The eighth abdominal segment ter- 

 minates in a coronet of six teeth, in colour shining brown, becoming darker 

 at the tips. The dorsal pair are smallest and close together, the ventral paii- 

 next in size and wider apart, and the lateral pair longest and arising from 

 almost the same level as the dorsal pair. Yentrally placed to this coronet 

 of teeth are two rows of small teeth, from two to four in each row, together 

 forming an interrupted transverse row. These teeth are of unequal size 

 and vary in their relative sizes in different specimens. 



