162 



W. M. GRAHAM — 



ground, bury themselves in the earth, and become piipse. The whole of the 

 pupal stage is passed in the earth and lasts about 13 to 14 days. At the end 

 of tliis time the flies issue from the pupa-cases and make their wtiy up to the 

 surface of the ground, expand and dry their wings, and fly away. 

 (See figure of C. anona\ larva and pupa, PL XII, fig. 3.) 



List of West African Species of Ceratitis. 



Species. 



Habitat. 



Fruit Infested. 



I. S ^ C. capitata, Wied., 1824 



Almost cosmopolitan. 



j Almost any cultivated 

 ) fruit. 



2. S2 C- pimctata, Wied., 1824 



Tropical Africa. 



Cacao pods. 



3. 2 a bremii, Gu6rin, 1843 



Senegal. 



p 



4. 2 C- cosyra, Walker, 1849 



Congo. 



p 



5. S C. penicillnta, Bigot, 1891 



Ivory Coast. 



p 



6. c? 2 C. anoncB, Graham, 1908 



S. Nigeria, Ashanti. 



Soursop and guava. 



7. 2 C. stictica, Bezzi, 1909 



Ashanti, Congo. 



P 



8. cJ 2 C'. nigra, Graham, sp. n 



Ashanti, Lagos. 



? 



9. (5 C. inscripta, Graham, sp. n. .... 



Ashanti. 



? 



From the above table it will be seen liow little is known of the West 

 African species of this genus. In more than half the species a single sex 

 only is described, and in most cases the habits of the fly and its larvae are 

 unknown. 



Months of prevalence for Ceratitis in W. Africa (so far as at 

 present known). 



C. anonce — July to November. 



C. inscripta — November, December. 



C. pu7ictata — J une, July. 



C. stictica — July to November. 



C. nigra — June to August. 



Ceratitis nigra, sp. n. (PI. XII, fig. 1.) 



$ . Body shiny black ; dorsum of thorax black, unmarked ; abdomen black 

 with one transverse grey band * ; femora brovs^n, tibise and tarsi yellow ; 

 wings hyaline, with brown banding and spotting. 



* The additional white spots which appear on the abdomen in the figure, as well as all 

 the white marldngs on the thorax, are due to reflections of lio'ht from the very shiny surface 

 of the insect, 



