MEMOIR OF b. P. PENHALLOW 17 



ture would permit. Two of his papers represent a complete "Eeview of 

 Canadian botany" from the time of the first settlement of New France 

 until 1895. The bibliography contains many interesting names, many 

 of which are preserved in the names of familiar American plants. 



In later years Doctor Penhallow turned his attention to the Cretaceous 

 and Tertiary floras of Canada, a subject of which, prior to his investiga- 

 tions, very little was known and on which he became the leading au- 

 thority. This work is of great value apart from the careful and detailed 

 description of fossil forms because he attempted, when possible, to trace 

 the genetic relationship between fossil and modern types and to apply the 

 collected data to a determination of stratigraphic position and succession. 



The nature of this work demanded a very intimate knowledge of exist- 

 ing varieties of woods, and as a result of many years of studying the 

 stems of fossil and extant conifers he produced that tribute to patient 

 and persistent toil — his book on "North American Gymnosperms." The 

 first part of this book is devoted to a discussion of the minute anatomy 

 of the stem, the probable lines along which the various elements of struc- 

 ture have developed, and the relative durability of woods and their 

 preservation as fossils. Assuming the attitude that "internal structures 

 must always have precedence over those of external morphology in ques- 

 tions of classification," the second part is so arranged that from a micro- 

 scopical examination of thin sections of the wood the species may be 

 quite readily determined. 



Doctor Penhallow had great administrative ability. The last few 

 years (from 1907) were devoted as director to the organization and ar- 

 rangement of the Atlantic Coast Biological Station at Saint Andrews, 

 New Brunswick. He was a Fellow of the Eoyal Society of Canada and 

 president of Section IV in 1896-1897. He was also president for several 

 years of the Natural History Society of Montreal, and in 1899 of the 

 Society of Plant Morphology and Physiology. From 1902-1904 he was 

 chairman of the British Association Committee on the Ethnological 

 Survey of Canada, and in 1909 acted in a similar capacity to the Ameri- 

 can Biological Research Stations. He was vice-president of the section 

 of botany at the British Association meeting in 1897 and a trustee of the 

 Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. In addition 

 he was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of 

 Science and vice-president in 1909, Societe Naturelle (vice-president in 

 1907 and president in 1908), Botanical Society, Forestry Association, 

 Academy of Political and Social Science, New England Botanical Club, 

 non-resident life member of the Massachusetts Hab. Society, asso- 

 ciate member of the Boston Society of Natural History, Nova Scotia 



II — Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 22, 1910 



