212 S. CALVIN AFTONIAN MAMMALIAN FAUNA II 



figure referred to. In length it is about the same, but the transverse 

 diameter at the proximal end is 56 millimeters instead of 36, and the 

 smallest diameter of the shaft is 31 millimeters instead of 20 (plate 19, 

 figure 8). A second phalanx from the Turin pit (plate 19, figure 9) 

 matches the larger one in size and may belong to the same species. The 

 Turin phalanx is unsymmetrical and is obviously one of a pair of similar 

 bones. A large premolar from the Whitham pit, near Eockport, Mis- 

 souri (plate 19, figure 10), may belong here, and a number of bones too 

 large for even the biggest horse or stag may represent this species. Among 

 these are the distal end of a humerus from Hinton, a dorsal vertebra, and 

 two large calcanea from Missouri Valley and a fragment of the scapula, 

 carrying the large glenoid fossa, from Turin. 



Pkoboscideans 



ELEPHA8 



The southern mammoth, Elephas columbi, is represented by character- 

 istic molars from Logan, Turin, and Hinton in Iowa, and from Rockport, 

 Missouri. This is the most common of the Aftonian elephants. The col- 

 lections from Hinton contain a small molar, probably the fourth of the 

 series, which shows the thick folds of Elephas imperator. Four teeth of 

 this imperial type are now known from Aftonian beds — one from Pisgah, 

 Iowa, one from near Mapleton, Iowa, and this from Hinton Station, 

 besides a lower jaw from the Cox pit, near Missouri Valley, Iowa. 



Two elephant teeth have recently been taken from the gravel beds at 

 Denison, but, as noted above, the stratigraphic position of the Denison 

 gravels has not been determined with entire certainty.* One of the molars 

 (plate 20) is the last of the upper series on the right side, evidently be- 

 longing to the species Elephas primigenius, and adhering to it is a part 

 of the molar bone. The dimensions of this superb tooth are : length of 

 grinding surface, 101/^ inches ; width, 4% inches ; depth at right angles to 

 grinding surface, including the massive posterior fang, 10% inches; 

 greatest length parallel to grinding surface, 13 inches. The tooth is 

 worn through to the fangs at the anterior end. Posteriorly there remains 

 a large body of serviceable tooth, and with continued wear laminae that 

 had not been used would have been added to the grinding surface. The 

 vertical sides and posterior edge of the grinder are covered with a coat of 



* Note. — These teeth and some of the earliei- mammalian remahis were taken from a 

 pit southwest of that discussed in previous papers. The stratigraphic position of the 

 beds exposed in this pit is even more doubtful than Professor Calvin considered it, for 

 they here form a river terrace without overlying loess or drift, and no underlying drift 

 was found. The loess-covered beds discussed in the earlier papers yielded few mam- 

 malian remains. The terrace beds show some evidence of later redeposition. 



B. Shimek. 



