RECENT BRACHiOPODA 269 



The shallow waters about Japan have more brachiopods by far than 

 any area of similar extent. Here occur 29 species in 12 genera; in other 

 words, more than 18 per cent of recent brachiopods. In the Sea of 

 Japan, or along the western side of the islands, there are 11 species, none 

 of which seem to range deeper than 60 fathoms, and on the outer or 

 Pacific side there are nearly twice as many kinds, or 20 forms, ranging 

 all the way from shore habitats down to one at 160 fathoms. There is 

 also one deep-sea form here at 1,875 fathoms, but at least 11 of the 20 

 occur in waters shallower than 100 fathoms. These Japanese species 

 are the following: 



Brachiopods of the Sea of Japan (marked hy a -f) and the east coast of Japan 



(marked with a *) 



^ Lingula adamsi (7 fathoms) * TerelratuUna japonica (48-55) 



t Lingula affinis (0-1) * TereJ)ratulma kiiensis, widely dis- 



^ Lingula anatina (0-1), widely dis- tributed 



tributed * Terehratulina stearnsii 



"^ Lingula jaspida (7) * Dyscolia crossii (100-250) widely 



* Lingula lepidula (10) distributed 



* Lingula smaragdina (10) ^ Dallina grayi (7-37), widely distrib- 



* Crania japonica (71) uted 



f Discinisca Stella (17-26), widely dis- * Dallina maricB (21-55) 



tributed * Dallina raphaelis (100-200) 



* Acanthothyris doderlini (160) -f Teredratalia coreanica (7-48) 



* Hemithyris lucida (48-100) ^ Terebratalia gouldi (60) 



* Hemithyris psitta^ea woodwardi * Laqueus hlanfordi 



(35-48) * Laqueus (?) frontalis 



* Liothyrina davidsoni (55) *f Laqueus pictus (23-55) 



* Liothyri/na stearnsi t* Laqueus ruhellus (1-35) 



^ TereWatuli/na cumvngi * Frenuli/na sanguinea (48), widely 



* Terehratulina (?) dalU (1,875), distributed 



deep-water form 



DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA 



An analysis of the 33 genera shows that they are readily grouped into 

 5 great brachiopod areas or regions. These combine again into a deep- 

 sea realm and 4 shallow-water geographical regions as follows: Boreal, 

 Austral, Oceanica, and Gondwana. Each of these brachiopod areas will 

 be discussed separately. 



DEEP-SEA REALM 



There are only 3 genera restricted to deep water, the discinid Pela- 

 godiscus (200-2,425 fathoms) and the terebratulids Chlidonophora 

 (282-1,850) and Eucalathis (300-2,588, Jurassic). The distribution of 

 the two former is practically cosmopolitan, while the last one is re- 



