STRATIGRAPHIC TAXONOMY 64^ 



Pine Top, 2 or 3 miles amxttr of Bethlehem. Various parts of the lower 

 half are well shown in railroad cuts and quarries in the eastern part of 

 Allentown. The upper part is exposed to the north of this city along 

 Lehigh Eiver in railroad cuts, quarries, and natural outcrops to near 

 Catasauqua. 



In Lehigh Valley the lower half or so of the formation consists of 

 mainly fine-grained, often oolitic, generally not highly magnesian, mass- 

 ive, and thin-bedded limestones, characterized by numerous successive 

 bands of Cnjptozoo7i. The colonies of this low organism form conspicu- 

 ous lenses 2 to 10 inches thick and up to 20 feet across. In section the 

 delicate laminae are wav}^, while the upper surface is commonly thrown 

 into mammillate elevations 1 to 2 inches from center to center. The 

 upper half of the formation consists chiefly of massive dolomites with 

 occasional thin beds of quartzose sandstone and oolite. Only one species 

 of fossil has so far been found in the upper part, namely, a Lingulella, 

 seemingly indistinguishable from L. acuminata. Canadian limestone 

 ("Coplay limestone'^ of Wherry) follows the Kittatinny in this valley. 



In the central valleys of Pennsylvania, between Bellefonte on the 

 north and Bedford on the south, the beds corresponding to the typical 

 section of the Kittatinny differ in that the lower part contains more 

 magnesia and the upper part more quartz sand. South of Eoaring 

 Spring, the lower 400 feet of the exposed section consists of massive 

 gray dolomite. This is followed by about 100 feet of dark, often bluish 

 gray limestone, usually not highly magnesian, containing trilobites of 

 an early phase of the Dikellocephalus fauna, together with the lower 

 Kittatinny Cryptozoon. The succeeding 800 to 1,000 feet, constituting 

 the upper member of the formation, consists of thin quartzite layers 

 interbedded with heavier ledges made up of rounded quartz grains in an 

 easily decomposed dolomitic matrix. The sandstone member is suc- 

 ceeded by an unmistakable northward extension of later Ozarkian, ex- 

 ceedingly cherty dolomites, corresponding to late Copper Ridge and 

 Chepultepec-Gasconade horizons in Tennessee and Alabama. These 

 Ozarkian cherts finally are followed, in the vicinity of Roaring Spring 

 by the Canadian ]^ittany dolomite, which is here similarly cherty and 

 consequently difficult to discriminate without fossils. However, an im- 

 portant hiatus separates the two, as is shown in part by absence of the 

 Stonehenge which underlies the Nittany at Bellefonte. 



Along the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad between Birming- 

 ham and Shoenberger stations, the lower part of the Kittatinny, which 

 is thrust westward here over Stones River limestone, begins with a 



