VENDACE AND GRAYLING. ^99 



eye; the teeth are minute or wanting; the tail fin is deeply 

 forked; the scales are moderately large, and the ova are small. 

 The commoner species are Coregonus oxyrhynchus (291), the 

 Houting of the seas and rivers of Holland, Germany, and 

 Denmark; Coregonus vandesius, the Vendace (287, fig. 51), of 

 fresh-water lochs of Scotland, particularly Loch Maben ; Coregonus 

 pollan (288), the Pollan, of the fresh waters of Ireland, particularly p ]lan 

 Lough Neagh, where at certain seasons of the year it used to be ^ an 4 

 an important marketable fish ; and Coregonus clupeoides, the ' 



Gwyniad, 290, of Wales, the Lake District and Loch Lomond. 

 The name Gwyniad is usually restricted to the variety of Coregonus 

 clupeoides that occurs in Lake Bala in North Wales. The 

 variety found in Lo,ch Lomond is called the Powan, and that of 

 Haweswater and Ullswater the Schelly or Skelly. The "Fera" 

 of the Swiss Lakes (289) is represented in Bavaria, North 

 Prussia and Sweden by varieties which are known respectively as 

 Bodenrenke, Marane and Sik. Coregonus clupeiformis (Argyro- 

 somus artedi of the Americans), 286, is the well-known Lake 

 Herring or Cisco of the great Lakes Erie and Ontario of North 

 America. 



The Grayling, Thymallus vulgaris, 293, of the clear streams and Grayling. 

 lakes of Central and Northern Europe is distinguished by its high 

 dorsal fin, which is supported by about twenty fin-rays, the most 

 anterior ones of which are simple and unbranched. The fish 

 derives its generic name from its emitting an odour resembling 

 that of thyme. The Grayling breeds in April and May, whereas 

 Salmon and Trout breed in October to January, and it thus affords 

 sport during the close time for the usual Salmonoids. In English 

 streams it grows commonly to 2 or 3 lbs. in weight. Thymallus 

 vulgaris is confined to Europe, but there are other species, one, 

 known as the " Poisson bleu/' in Canada. 



The Argentines are deep-sea Salmonoids found in the Mediter- 

 ranean, the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. The common 

 Mediterranean species is Argentina sphyrcena ; a northern form, 

 Argentina hebridica (295), found off the North of Ireland, 

 Scotland, and more particularly off Norway, finds its way 

 occasionally to the English markets. The Argentines are some- 

 times called Siel-Smelts. 



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