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climatic cataclysm for each individual case and locality, we are^ 

 forced to the conclusion that the now permanently frozen zone in 

 Asia became frozen all at the same time, and from the same 

 causes." The cause, whatever it was, by which these entombments 

 were produced, was so sudden, that it took full effect within the^ 

 lifetime of one generation of animals. (Dawson.) 



Then how was this Destruction brought about ? I will give you 

 the explanation in Sir H. Howorth's own words ; if I gave it in 

 my own, I should spoil it. " The facts constrain us to one inevitable 

 conclusion, namely, that the Mammoth and its companions perished 

 by some wide- spread catastrophe which operated over a wide area 

 and not through the slow processes of the ordinary struggle for 

 existence, and that the greater part of the remains we find in 

 Siberia and Europe are not the result of gradual accumulation 

 under normal causes for untold ages, but the result of one of 

 Nature's hecatombs on a grand and wide spread scale, when a. 

 vast fauna perished simultaneously. We must next inquire what 

 the nature of this catastrophe was. Let us, then, focus the 

 necessary conditions. We want a cause that should kill the 

 animals, and yet not break to pieces their bodies, or even mutilate 

 them, a cause which would in some cases disintegrate the skeletons 

 without weathering the bones. We want a cause that would not 

 merely do this, as a wide-spread murrain or plague might, but one 

 which would bury the bodies, as well as kill the animals, which 

 could take up gravel and clay and lay them down again, and which 

 could sweep together animals of different sizes and species, and 

 mix them with trees and other debris of vegetation. VVhat cause- 

 competent to do this is known to us, except rushing water on a 

 great scale ? Water would drown the animals and yet would not 

 multilate the bodies. It would kill them all with complete 

 impartiality, irrespective of their strength, age, or size. It would 

 take up clay and earth, and cover the bodies with it." So far 

 Howorth. This explanation serves for the confused collections in 

 caves also. The occurrence of mixed remains on high ground can 

 only be explaned on the theory that the creatures sought refuge 

 there from an advancing flood of waters. The deposits covering 

 Mammoth remains *• prove, that at the close of the Paloeocosmic 

 Age a deluge of water swept over our continents and caused the 

 physical break between the earlier and later human ages. This 

 great catastrophe was preceded in Europe at least by a gradual 

 refrigeration, and a progressive extinction of the larger animals, 

 and was followed by a diminished size of the continents and by the- 

 advent over the depopulated surface of a more limited fauna and a 

 new race of men." (Dawson.) 



" I believe," says Howorth, *• that the evidence furnished by the 

 Mammoth itself is not only consistent with the conclusion that 



