TRANSACTIONS OP THE SECTIONS. 49 



Greatest. Mean. Least. 



r Greatest 777-20 776-83 776-46 



A^OJ Mean 776-68 776-31 775-94 



[Least 776-16 775*79 775-42 



The atomic weights hence deduced are, 



Greatest. Mean. Least. 



Lead 1293-89 1293-27 1292*65 



Sulphur 200-77 200-09 199-45 



Azote (A2) 177-20 176-31 175-42 



The variations now, and the sources of them, are shown as follows: 

 In sulphur. In azote. 



On account of the oxide +'29 —-29 

 „ „ sulphate + -39 —-35 



„ „ nitrate 



+ -68 --64 +-89 --89 



Tartrate and JRacemate of Lead. 

 These two salts, containing the same ultimate elements, were care- 

 fully examined by Berzelius. His results are contained in the following 

 table, which is constructed on the same principle as those for the 

 sulphate and the nitrate : 



Greatest. Mean. Least. 



Protoxide 1393-89 1393-27 1392-65 



A . , fGreatest 828*16 828-53 828-90 



d.ra.9M''lKn<^ Mean 827-23 827-60 827-97 



^'"^'^ "^^^LLeast 826-30 828-67 827-04 



Allowing 12-6 for H-, which I consider to be the result warranted 



by Berzelius's experiments, the following would be 



The atomic weight of carbon; 



Greatest 75-92 



Mean 75-60 



Least 75-28 



On the relative Combinations of the Constituents of Cast Iron, Steel, and 

 Malleable Iron. By Dr. Charles Schafhaeutl, of Munich. 



The author showed, that the purest carbon contained and retained 

 hydrogen, and sometimes azote, even at the highest temperatures, and 

 parted with neither of them, nor were its own internal and external 

 properties altered, except when it attacked the crucible, and combined 

 instead with oxygen, or aluminum, or silicon. He affirmed, that we 

 possessed no certain method of procuring pure carbon in the isolated 

 state, and that what we considered to be pure carbon was always, more 

 or less, in the state of carburet. The author described a new method 

 of obtaining graphite, viz. by running fluid puddling slag, or silicates 



1839. E 



