TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 69 



thus shown to be much younger than has been commonly supposed, 

 and the elvans or trap dikes must be of a still more recent date, as 

 they are seen to produce alteration in the new red sandstone. 



Note on the Organic Remains of the Limestones and Slates of South 

 Devon. By R. A. C. Austen, Esq., F.G.S. 



Bronn, in the conclusion to his Lethcea Geognostica, corrects his 

 former opinion, that the limestone of Torquay and Bradley was the 

 equivalent of the mountain limestone [Bergkalk]. Mr. Austen's ob- 

 ject in the present communication, is to show to how great an extent 

 the organic remains of the limestone of S. Devon are identical with 

 those of the Eifel. He gives a list of twenty-seven species which are 

 common to both districts. The three species, Pleurodictyum prohle- 

 maticum, Cyrtia trapezoidalis, and Calceola sandalina, are announced 

 for the first time as British fossils ; together with Brachiopoda, belong- 

 ing to the sub-genus Trigonotreta. From a study of these fossils Mr. 

 Austen concludes that the limestones of S. Devon are equivalent to 

 those of the Rhine, and also to certain strata in the S. of Ireland and 

 at St. Sauveur in Normandy. He considers the whole to be rather 

 older than the carboniferous series, and alludes to the great difficulty 

 of finding an appropriate designation for them. 



On the Economy of Fuel. By Mr. Thomas Oram. 

 Dr. Buckland communicated the results of Mr. Oram's further ex- 

 periments on his method of manufacturing fuel from the waste coal- 

 dust, by which it appears a greater degree of heat is obtained (a very 

 small quantity of smoke escaping, with but little residue in the form 

 of ashes or clinkers,) than from the coal from which the dust was taken. 

 A saving also of one third in bulk is effected, which circumstance 

 especially adapts it for steam-navigation. The method by which the 

 fuel is prepared is as follows : one ton of dust-coal, 200lbs. of river- 

 mud, 40 lbs. of coal-tar, 3()lbs. of lime, 30 gallons of water, the whole 

 mixed together, and pressed into the form of bricks. 



On Remains of Mammalia in tJie Crag and London Clay of Suffolk. 

 By C. Lyell, Esq., F.R.S., V.P.G.S. ^c. 



The teeth of several species of mammalia have been obtained by 

 Mr. W. Colchester and the Rev. E. Moore from the crag at Newbourn 

 in Suffolk. They have been referred by Mr. Owen to a species of 

 leopard, a bear, and a small ruminant. They are all more or less 

 broken, and were found in company with the teeth of fishes of the 

 genus I^amna. It has not been positively ascertained whether these 

 mammalian remains were imbedded in the crag itself, or in ct^rtahi 



