6962 Birds. 



Common Swallow (Hirundo rustica). Louth, December, 1850; 

 Castle Warren, Co. Cork, 1849. It is a question whether the birds 

 of this species and the sand martins {Hirundo riparid), seen some- 

 times late into the autumn and winter, do not fall under this category 

 rather than under that of birds which have overstaid their time here. 

 I have seen the former species about Dublin late in November in 

 several years (the past one among the number), and have always 

 remarked that when this occurred there was an interval during which 

 no swallows at all were visible, and then the species reappeared. 

 G. H. Kinahan, Esq., sends me a note of the occurrence of the sand 

 martin at Castle Connell, Co. Limerick, November 30th, 1859. 



3rd. European summer migrants, occurring in winter in the 

 Britannic area: — 



Great Gray Shrike [Lanim excuhilor). Northumberland and Cum- 

 berland, Durham, Cheshire, Worcester, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, 

 Suffolk, Hertford, Surrey, Kent, Sussex and Devon. On two occa- 

 sions it has bred in England. The species is noted in Norway, 

 Sweden, Denmark, Lapland and Russia. South ; in Germany, Hol- 

 land (rare), France, Spain and Fezzan. In Ireland the species has 

 occurred in Antrim, 1834 and 1835; Down, 1845; Londonderry, 

 1846 ; Sligo, 1831 or 1832 ; Westmeath and Dublin, 1822 or 1823, 

 1831 and 1850; Queen's Co., 1847; Tipperary, Waterford and Cork, 

 1824, 1844 and 1845. 



Black Redstart {Stjlvia tithijs). Kirkwall, Orkney ('Field' 

 newspaper, 1860); Derby, 1856; Norfolk, 1849; Oxford, 1852; 

 Gloucester, 1830 and J 835; Middlesex, 1829; Hants, 1842, 1849 

 and 1852; Sussex, 1830, 1839, 1843, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852 and 

 1853 ; Devon, 1833, 1843, 1847, 1849 and 1850 ; Kent and Cornwall, 

 1842, 1843, 1844, 1849, 1853 and 1856. Mr. Edward Hearle Rodd 

 states it is a regular winter visitant to Cornwall. Its range is 

 Sweden (scarce), Germany, France and Holland (rare), Spain (a winter 

 visitant), Provence and Italy (where it resides in winter). Cape Sicily, 

 Malta and Tangier ; it is also recorded from the Morea and Smyrna ; 

 and Assistant-Surgeon, William Carte, has brought it from the Crimea. 

 In Ireland the species has occurred in Antrim, 1841 ; Dublin, 1859 ; 

 Wexford, 1836; Waterford, 1828, 1829 and 1843; Cork, 1845. 

 The parallelism between these species as to distribution and occur- 

 rence is striking, and the necessary connection between the causes of 

 it scarcely needs comment. 



These remarks have already run to such a length, that I must omit 



