400 PKESIDENTIAL ADDEESS. 



The works at Colt Crag and Swinburn are connected with the 

 Hallington Eeservoirs by means of a tunnel and open aqueduct, 

 two and a half miles in length and five feet in diameter. The 

 Eeservoirs at Hallington, into which water from Colt Crag and 

 Little Swinburn flows, are connected with Whittle Dene by an 

 open aqueduct and tunnel ten miles in length. 



From Whittle Dene the water is conveyed by an open aque- 

 duct, tunnel, and pipes to filter beds at Throckley, five miles 

 from the town, and all water for domestic purposes is then dis- 

 tributed by 30 -inch and 24-inch metal pipes. 



The supply is by gravitation to a height of 200 feet, the 

 higher portion of Newcastle being supplied from a Reservoir at 

 Fenbam, into which the water is pumped from a service Reser- 

 voir at Benwell. 



The higher portion of Gateshead is supplied from a Reservoir 

 at Carr's Hill, into which the water is raised by a pumping 

 station on "Windmill Hills. 



There is also a pumping station at North Wylam, from which a 

 supply can be obtained for manufacturing purposes by a separate 

 line of pipes. 



The Newcastle and Gateshead "Water Works were established 

 in the year 1845. At that time the population of the two towns 

 supplied was about 100,000 persons, and the daily consumption 

 of water was estimated at 700,000 gallons. 



In 1846 an Act of Parliament was obtained for the construc- 

 tion of Storage Reservoirs at Whittle Dene, which were com- 

 pleted, and the water brought into the town in 1848. The 

 surface area of the water in those Reservoirs was equal to 43J 

 acres, and their storage capacity 215 million gallons. 



In 1850 the consumption of water was estimated at 1J million 

 gallons per day, and the supply having failed, the capacity of 

 the Storage Reservoirs was increased to 330 million gallons. 



In 1852 the consumption had increased to 2 million gallons 

 per day. 



In 1853, the consumption having increased to 2|- million 

 gallons per day, and the supply having again failed, the Com- 

 pany had to resort to the old system of pumping from the Tyne. 



