41 
the upper prairie and lake regions in wet, boggy meadows. It is readily eaten 
by stock, although it does not occur in sufficient quantities to be of much value. 
Scirpus fluviatilis. River club-rush. 
A stout, erect perennial 1 with sharply three-angled stems 3 to 5 feet high, and 
ar road, flat leaves, which are smooth except on the midribs and margins, 
did ma are more or less rough. It is common on the borders of lakes and 
large streams from New England west to the Dakotas and Iowa, and from its 
abundance is a valuable species, especially for early feed. In wet meadows it 
often contributes a large pereentage of the feed. The hay contains 10 per cent 
of erude protein 
Scirpus hallii. Hall's rush. 
A slender tufted sedge, 6 inches to a foot high, arceri on the borders of ponds from 
T South Dak It is RA eaten by stoc Hay of this species con- 
tains 10 per cent of crude prote 
Scirpus maritimus. Sea club-rush. 
A perennial sedge with sharply three-angled, stout, erect ape 1 to 3 feet high, and flat 
linear leaves as long as the stems. is common in saline localities on the coast 
m Nova Scotia to Florida, and in the Pao across the continent. It fur- 
sashes a large amount of coarse forage, and is often converted into hay of fair 
quality, because it can be cut early in the season before the grasses are in con- 
dition to mow. Hay made of it contains nearly 10 per cent of crude protein. 
Sida elliottii. Elliott's sida. (Fig. 42.) 
A low, shrubby or bushy plant of the Mallow family, native of the South, which 
grows 14 to 2 feet high on hard, clayey soils and rocky land. It is an excellent 
pasture plant which readily catches from seed, provided the surface soil is 
scratched with a rake when the seed is scattered. Cattle, sheep, and hogs are 
fond of it, but horses and mules do not relish it. This sida has been quite widely 
introduced in the grazing regions of California. It apparently thrives better 
h 
designed for permanent pastures. It is not a good soiling crop, and should not 
be cut for hay. 
Sida spinosa. 
A weed of the Mallow family, which occurs in the Southern States. It has been 
recommended as a good erop for renewing worn lands, and makes very fair 
winter grazing for cattle. 
Solidago. Golden rod. 
There are a great number of species distributed throughout the Unit»d States. In 
New York and in other portions of the East where sheep are grown golden rod 
is highly esteemed as a fattening, healthful, and nutritious forage, though 
eattle and horses will not touch it. 
Spergula arvensis. Spurrey; Sand spurrey. 
An annual, producing a low, tangled mass of succulent stems with numerous whorled 
linea lt produces a crop in eight or ten weeks, and is valuable as a 
catch crop in short seasons, and for soiling sheep and milch cows. It has been 
especially recommended as a first erop on the pine barrens of Michigan, to turn 
under for green manure. The air-dried hay contains about 12 per cent of erude 
protein. 
Spergula maxima. Giant spurrey. (Fig. 43.) 
Similar to common spurrey, but making a ranker growth. It is also slightly richer 
in flesh-forming ingredients, and is the more valuable species of the two 
