3 
neglecta Geertn., and several Carices. At Garrison the valley 18 very 
narrow, and nothing of interest was found excepting a few specimens of 
Stipa richardsoni Link. 
THE UPPER MISSOURI AND MADISON VALLEYS. 
These valleys may be treated here as one, the Madison being a 
direct continuation of the Missouri Valley. About Helena there are 
no natural meadows of any account. All the land under cultivation is 
irrigated and used chiefly by the Chinese for vegetable gardening. 
Most of the grasses procured were growing along streams and irriga- 
tion ditches, as the bench lands and foothills were almost destitute of 
forage at the time of our visit because 
of the dryness. The following were 
the most common of those noticed: 
Elymus condensatus Presl, Agrostis hi 
alba L., Agropyron pseudorepens S. NV 
& S., Agropyron spicatum S. & S. \ i 
(fig. 4), Puccinellia airoides Wats. & | W 
Coult., and Poa compressa L. 
Along the Madison and Missouri 
rivers there are broad valleys, the 
bottom lands of which are covered 
with the native grasses in many 
places, producing large crops of hay. 
At Townsend, in the Missouri Val- 
ley, the following grasses were most 
abundant: Calamagrostis canadensis 
Beauv., Agropyron spicatum S. & S 
Agropy roe tenerum Vasey, Phalaris 
arundinacea L., Elymus macounii Va- 
sey, Beokuannia eruceformis Host., 
Agrostis asperifolia Trin., Spartina 
gracilis Trin., and several Poas. \ 
We stopped only at one place on Fra. . ne (Agropyron 
the Madison River, about 12 miles mo 
from its junetion with the Jefferson. Here were some sif the best natural 
meadows that we saw in Montana. The native grasses grew luxuriantly 
and formed a large bulk of hay which the farmers regarded as of excel- 
lent quality. The principal species were Elymus macounii Vasey, 
Calamagrostis inexpansa A. Gray, Calamagrostis canadensis Beauv., 
Calamagrostis americana Seribn., Eatonia pennsylvanica A. Gray, Spar- 
tina cynosuroides Willd., Sporobolus asperifolius, and Phalaris arundi- 
nacea L 
GALLATIN VALLEY. 
The Gallatin River empties into the Missouri a few miles below the 
junction of the Madison and Jefferson, and here the Gallatin Valley 
