188(3.] W. Doherty — A List of Butterflies taken in Kumaon, 111 



in my opinion, is that of a true papilionid, though Mr. Scudder compares 

 it with those of the Lyccenidce. 



HESPERIAD^. Eggs very large, very few (except in the first 

 group), only one or two matured at a time ; opaque, dome-shaped, 

 smooth ; or with delicate, depressed serrate ribs, few or very numerous, 

 and with distinct cross lines. 



Subdivisions of the Hesperiada. 



HESPEBINJS. Egg small, hard, seven- eighths as high as wide or even higher, 

 constricted at base, with wide, scalloped, anastomosing ribs. This group 

 is very distinct. The only Indian genera belonging to it are Hesperia 

 (PyrgusJ and Gomalia. 



SUASTIN^. Egg lower, dome-shaped, large, hard, constricted at base, with 

 a few broad depressed, delicate, biserrate ribs. This group does not seem 

 to be represented in Europe or North America, 



BAORINJE. Cyclopides-GrToup. Egg similar, two-thirds aa high as wide, 

 constricted at base, with very numerous slender ribs. 



BAORIN^. JBaoris- Group. Egg half as high as wide, leathery, limpet« 

 shaped, widest, and often oarinate at base, smooth, generally overlaid with 

 pigment above, as in many Papilios, sometimes with numerous obsolete 

 ribs. This group seems to be equivalent to the Astyci as defined by Scud^ 

 der. 



In the following list I have given the exact localities of all the rarer 

 butterflies that I caught in Kumaon, and I have endeavoured briefly to 

 indicate the range of most of the species in height. The figures given 

 are however very uncertain, representing but a limited experience. In 

 most cases I have given a rough estimate of the height of the highest 

 and lowest points at which I have taken the species, making allowance, 

 in a few very common kinds, for '* straggling." The fauna of the dis- 

 trict changes considerably as one goes from west to east. On the west, 

 the Pindari Valley forms a part of the Garhwal river-system, and its 

 butterflies are distinctly those of the North West Himalayas. The suc- 

 cessive river- valleys to the eastward thence partake more and more of 

 the nature of the Eastern Himalayas. Some Sikkim forms seem to ex- 

 tend westward to the Sarju or the Ramganga and no farther. And a 

 very large number seem bounded by the Kali, the river separating 

 Kumaon from Nepal. The valley of this river forms a genuine zoological 

 boundary. Among the species that seem to extend no farther west, are 

 Papilio paris, Melanitis zitenius^ Elymnias leucocyma, Symhrenthia hyp- 

 sells, Neptis viJcasi, Euthalia apiades and E. Uihentina, and such genera 

 and subgenera as Dyctis, Bo'ha7ia, Dichorrhagia, Moduza, Haridra, Zemeros, 

 Ohersonesia, Chliaria, Bemelana, a7id Cheritra. Three larger groups, the 

 15 



