232 Lionel de Niceville— On the Life-Bistory of [No. 2, 



ally tapering to the anal segment, whicli is furnished with two very- 

 short diverging immovable processes or tails. The head and body are 

 thickly shagreened, that is, covered with very small closely-set tubercles 

 emitting fine colourless hairs. There is a dorsal line somewhat darker 

 green then the rest of the body, which becomes white at the fourth seg- 

 ment, and extends right through the crown of the head. There is also 

 a paler green lateral line below the spiracles. The pupa is either green 

 or brown, with the head rounded, the edge of the wing-cases raised and 

 angled anteriorly, the thorax humped, and marked, like the abdominal 

 segments, with some dark brown waved lines and spots. 



With regard to this species Mr. Butler remarks* that I have " yet 

 to explain to which form, the dry or the wet, the intermediate grades " 

 [between Y. huehneri and Y. howra] "belong." The inter grade forms re- 

 ferred to, in which " the ocelli are reduced to points," probably occur 

 either at the beginning of the wet or of the dry seasons, though in the 

 case of this genus I have noticed that the seasonal forms are less well- 

 marked than in either Melanitis or Mycalesis : now and again a perfectly 

 ocellated specimen may be found in the middle of the dry or cold season, 

 or a non-ocellated one in the rains, but this does not much militate 

 against the fact that in the rains the prevailing form will be ocellated, 

 in the other seasons non-ocellated. The many variations that occur in 

 this species are very fully treated on in " The Butterflies of India, 

 Burmah and Ceylon." I was a little surprised to see that Mr. Moore, in 

 the face of what is recorded in that work on this subject, and without any 

 reference thereto, had described one form of it under the name of Y. howra. 



Captain Sage first took Y. howra on November I8th, at a time when 

 a few Y. huehneri were still on the wing, this being the earliest date on 

 which he captured the cold and dry season non-ocellated form of this 

 species. 



2. Ypthima PHILOMELA, Johanssen. PI. XII, Fig. 2. 

 I am unable to give the synonymy of this species, whose correct identi- 

 fication and geographical range are matters about which there is much 

 uncertainty and difference of opinion. I consider that the species should 

 be known as P. philomela (as pointed out by Mr. Kirby in his Cata- 

 logue), Johanssen having described it first from Javan specimens, of which 

 there are a pair in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, collected by Dr. 

 Horsfield in that island ; these specimens are, so far as I can see, con- 

 specific with the Indian ones. The Papilio lisandra of Cramer described 

 from China may or may not be distinct, for I possess no specimens from 

 that country for comparison. Mr. Moore considers the Indian species to 



* Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. v. 



