282 E. T. Atkinson — On the Homopterous Family Coccida3. [No. 3, 



Lecanium hesperidum, Sign., A. S. E. F. (4 ser.) viii, p. 856 (1868) ; (5 ser.) iii, 

 p. 399(1873): Maskell, Trans. New Zeal. Inst, xi, p. 205, t. 6, f. 22 (1879); xii, 

 p. 292 (1880) : Comstock, Rep. Dep. Agr. U. S. p. 44, f, 52 (1876) ; p. 335, t. 8, 

 f. 2 (1880). 



Young insect flat, long, oval, reddisli-brown, very active ; abdo- 

 minal cleft visible : antennae with six joiats, tlie third longest, the 

 fifth having the appearance of two soldered together, the last with a 

 few hairs : tibiaB and tarsi of about equal length ; the upper pair of 

 digitules long, the lower short and narrow : the abdominal lobes end in 

 two very long setaa. The adult S is not known. 



Adult ? oval, varying in eccentricity from a regular ellipse to nearly 

 circular, elongate, flat ; yellow, inclined to brown on the disc, often 

 dark ; smooth, shining, with a fringe of small hairs not very close to- 

 gether, sparingly punctured on the disc ; after death, the border above 

 becomes wrinkled radially for a narrow space. The antennae are pre- 

 sent and are V-jointed, 1 and 3 joints thickest, 4 and 7 sub-equal in 

 length, and 3 a little shorter, rest shorter and sub-equal. Feet moder- 

 ately long, coxae thick, femora moderately large and about the same 

 length as the tibiee, which are thinner ; tarsi still thinner, ending in a 

 claw : upper digitules rather long, ending in a knob ; lower pair about 

 twice as long as the claw and very broad. 



Maskell notes that beneath the body there is a deep red cavity be- 

 tween which and the food-plant to which the ? is attached the young 

 run about. Abdominal lobes cordiform, more distinguishable in the 

 young insect : anal ring surrounded by six long hairs. Long, 3 — 4 

 millims. 



This species occurs on holly, ivy, ilex, and especially on the orange, 

 and has been found throughout Europe, the United States, and New 

 Zealand, where it does great damage, but varies much in its appearances, 

 being in some years particularly numerous and destructive and in others 

 much less active. The more common parasites of this species in the 

 United States are Coccophagus cognatus, Gomys bicolor, and Encyrtus 

 jiavus. 



Lecanium coffee, Walker, 



Lecanium coffece, Walker, List Horn. B. M. iv, p. 1079, (1852) : Nietner, Enemiea 

 coffee-tree, p. 6 (1861) : Targioni-Tozzetti, Cat., p. 37 (1869) : Signoret, A. S. E. F. 

 (4 ser.) viii, p. 849, t. 1, f. 16 a, (1868) ; (5 ser.) iii, p. 435, (1873). 



This is the ' brown scale-insect ' or ' brown or scaly-bug ' of writers. 

 Walker (1. c.) describes it simply as " ferruginous, flat, scale-like, 

 almost round, with transverse ridges : long 2 millims," and remarks 



