1886.] of the Punjah and its Rivers. 329 



(south-east) tlien to the north (south) and then towards the west (east). 

 Both unite at the distance of about twelve miles below Mansuria."* 

 It will be noticed that the bearings in these two accounts do not agree, 

 probably in the second case we should be satisfied with turning them 

 three quarters of a semicircle, but even then they would not cut in, and 

 in consequence the first set, which are more consistent, must be regard- 

 ed as more nearly correct ; any way it is clear that the river bifur- 

 cated at a place called Kallari, forty miles or a ' hard day's journey ' 

 from Mansura, that one branch flowed by Mansura, and that the two 

 reunited below Mansura. 



At the conclusion of the second account he says that from Kallari 

 to Sharusan is three days. I refer to this now as the statement is 

 puzzling, but is due to the confusion of two places of very similar 

 names, Kallari and Ballari. On Ibn Haukal's map the town at the 

 bifarcatiou of the river is called Ballari while Kalari is further north and 

 at some distance from the river. In the text he says that Ibn and 

 Labri — which Prof. Dowson identifies with Amari and Kallari — are 

 situated east of the Indus, but distant from it. Al Idrisi's two accounts 

 are evidently from different sources, and it is probable that either he or 

 his informant must have confused the Ballari, or Kallari, at the bifur- 

 cation of the Indus with the other town of similar name situated to 

 the east, which might well be three days distant from Sehwan. 



The first account too is somewhat difficult of understanding, for it 

 is impossible to understand how, from any point one daj^'s journey — even 

 if it be one of four miles — from Mansura, a branch of the Indus could 

 flow south to Sehwan. It is of course a physical impossibility that the 

 Indus should have flowed any distance northwards, and the general 

 reversal of Al Idrisi's bearings has already been referred to. No other 

 authority makes this statement, and the map of Ibn Haukal places 

 Sadusan on the west bank of the Indus above Ballari, where the river 

 bifurcates ; this is altogether a more probable disposition. 



We have thus two authorities confirming each other that in the tenth 

 or eleventh century the Indus or a branch of it flowed passed Sadusan, 

 which we may certainly identify with Sehwan. The Chachnama seems 

 to shew that the same was the case in A. D. 713, for it says that, when 

 Muhammad Kasim besieged Siwistan (Sehwan), the river " Sindhu 

 Rawal " flowed north of his camp.f There can be little doubt that 

 this was either a bend or a branch of the Indus. 



It is thus clearly proved that at any rate since the commencement 

 of the eighth century of our era the Indus has flowed west of Aror and 

 the range of hills running southwards, and that, though it is practically 

 * OiJ. cit., I, 79. t Elliot, op. cit., I, 159. 



