Two New Species oj Bryozoa. Ill 



present. With a pocket lens they are invisible, and the same is the 

 case when they are examined in the microscope between crossed 

 nicols. In the dry specimens they are more or less shrunken, the 

 superior chambers especially being much contracted, but treatment 

 with acetic acid or liquor potassae plumps them up and removes 

 shrinkage marks, restoring them to what I suppose to have been 

 their original condition. They have no external openings nor special- 

 ised areas. 



Only four ooecia were seen. In each case they were at the end 

 of a small side branch springing from the older part of the shoot, 

 where tae ramification was sparse. The ooecium is geminate with a 

 iooecium, which is not necessarily terminal. The orifice is quite un- 

 like that of the zooecia, being widened laterally and narrowed to the 

 ends, its form is accentuated by its being seen foreshortened owing to 

 its position in the lower part of the pear-shaped ooecium. Below it 

 -are two- long, widely-divergent fenestrae, with three or four minute 

 round ones. There is a sub-oral pore. The oo^ecial chamber is a 

 flensely cribrose structure, opaque and strongly calcareous. It is en- 

 oircled by a band, plain below, undulated above, the median undula- 

 tions being extended upwards into vertical bands reaching the top of 

 the ooecium, the back band being very wide, the front one less so. In 

 tone case there was also a very narrow lateral band. The bands are 

 very finely granular, and resemble a veil overlying the coarse structure. 

 On the summit of the ooecium are two short obtuse processes sur- 

 rounded by a slight chitinous web. From analogy it seems likely that 

 these processes may support avicularia, but I was not able to discover 

 any. 



Decalcification with acetic acid, by removing the semi-opaque 

 material from the sides of the zooecia and the avicularian processes 

 renders the whole transparent, and makes them as clear and structure- 

 less as the alae. It leaves the tissues somewhat fiaccid, so that many 

 •of the zooecia become more or less crumpled; this, however, is not 

 material, as some of the cells, especially the older ones, retain their 

 ■shape sufficiently, except that the back shrinks a little. The only 

 points of structure which I observed to become wholly obliterated 

 were the fissures which converge from the fenestrae towards the sub- 

 oral pore; these are evidently confined to the calcareous layer, as they 

 disappear completely. The fissure connecting the suboral pore with 

 the orifice is not affected. But though the alae and the body of the 

 cell are thus made to appear alike hyaline and structureless, they 

 seem to be of different composition, as they reacted differently to a 

 staining process. The stain used was an anilin " indigo-blue," mixed 

 with acetic acid, and giving a blue or green stain varying according to 

 proportion. Ordinarily the corneous joints between the cells, nor- 

 mally a deep yellow, came out an intense green, as did the tendrils 

 which spring from the back of some of the cells. The zooecia them- 

 selves, with the avicularian processes (that is to say, all parts which 

 had been originally calcified), were also green, while the alae, as well 

 as the fenestrae, became bright purple. 



There are two species which are allied in many respects to the 

 present, though differing widely in their general aspect from it, and 



