112 W. M. Bale: 



also from each other; these are C. alata and C. carinata. Apart from 

 mere differences in the form of the zooecia, and of the alae, the struc- 

 ture of the latter is very distinctive. In C. alata they are far wider 

 than in our species, in C. carinata they are narrower, but in each case 

 they are strongly calcareous, though presenting several large, clear 

 spaces, which have been described by Busk, MacGillivray and others 

 as " openings," but which are really areas wanting the calcareous 

 layer. They may be aptly described as " fenestrae," and just as the 

 small fenestrae on the front of the zooecia usually have fissures (in 

 the calcareous layer only), proceeding from them towards the orifice, 

 so these large fenestrae have similar fissures. The most important 

 distinction, then, between these two species and G. matthewsi is that 

 in the former the alae possess certain limited areas of an uncalci- 

 fied hyaline substance, while in the latter the whole of the alae are 

 similarly constituted. 



All three species agree in the possession of the very long avicu- 

 larian chambers, with the minute avicularia seated on their obtuse 

 extremities. Thompson and Busk mentioned these little avicularia in 

 C. alata; in C. carinata Busk failed to find them. As, however, he 

 described the avicularian chambers as open in front, which is not the 

 case, it appears likely that he may have observed corroded specimens. 

 The avicularia seem to be readily lost in this species; in the only 

 specimen which I have available only two or three remain. In my 

 slide of C. alata, on the other hand, containing a great number of 

 zooecia, almost all are intact. So far as I can judge, the avicularia in 

 these two species are alike; as they are all edgewise in the slides, 

 however, I cannot make o-ut their exact form; but they seem to me to 

 have the angles more rounded, and, therefore, to approach more 

 nearly to a semi-circular form, than those of C. mattheivsi. 



The orifice in C. alata does not differ much from that of our 

 species, that of C. carinata is so concave below as to approach the cir- 

 cular form, but in both species the lateral teeth are present, and in 

 both the operculum has the vertical bar more or less distinct. 



The ooecia of C. alata and G. carinata are very similar, they 

 agree in possessing a modified zooecium sessile on the top of the 

 coecium; in this respect they differ from the species before us. 



Claviporella goldsteini, n. sp. (Plate VIII., Figs. 2a-2c). 



Catenicella maccoyi, Goldstein, nomen nudum, Jelly, 

 Synonymic Catalogue of the Bryozoa. 



Shoots very small, branches springing from geminate cells, but 

 also occasionally from the side of a single cell. 



Zooecia oval, with a large gaping avicularium on each side, 

 generally unequal, a small rounded, slightly thicker, sub-oral area em- 

 bracing the inferior prolongation of the orifice; a pseudo-pore sur- 

 rounded by three minute but distinct fenestrae, all connected with the 

 orifice by rough-edged fissures; a prominent obtuse process at each 

 side of the orifice and two larger ones above; front papillose, back 

 without conspicuous markings, nearly smooth. 



