76 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



in the refrigerator, not merely in phloeaSy but also in Vanessa 

 nrticce and levana, and other pupae, which had been long in the 

 refrigerator, all frequently produced butterflies with washed-out 

 markings. 



3. The tails of the hind ivings, — A short tail on nervure 2 of 

 the hind wing and a pointed prolongation of the anal angle is 

 given as a character of eleus, yet it is not confined to this form, 

 but is also occasionally present in the pure red-gold form, 

 althougli more rarely. Three grades of the formation of tails 

 can be arranged as well developed, medium, and slight, which 

 occur in my specimens in the following division : — 



1. Captured specimens. 



1. The following specimens had well-developed tails : — 



From Lindau, 1 specimen. 



Freiburg, 1 specimen. 



Berlin, 1 specimen (eleus). 



Sardinia, 1st brood, 1 specimen. 



Genoa, 2nd brood, 11 specimens {mostly clens). 



Greece, 2 specimens (eleus). 



Sicily, 1 specimen (eleus). 



Japan, summer brood ; many (accurate figures 

 cannot be given on account of the worn con- 

 dition of many specimens). 



2. The following had medium tails : — 

 From Lindau, 1 specimen. 



,, Freiburg, 1 specimen. 



,, Sardinia, 1 specimen, 1st brood. 



,, Greece, 1 specimen (eleus, ? ). 



,, Japan, many of the 2nd brood. 



,, Japan, some of the 1st brood. 



'^. Slight significance of the tail ; the following had, respec- 

 tively, no tail : - 



From Lapland, 2 specimens. 



,, Sardinia, 2 specimens of the 1st brood. 

 ,, Japan, many specimens of the 1st brood. 



One certainty recognizes from these data, that, in fact the tail 

 is more often present in the summer brood and in a hot climate, 

 than in the spring brood and in a northern climate ; but the 

 experiments above related give a still more decisive conclusion. 



2. Bred specimens. 



1. The Neapolitan specimens reared at Naples exhibited the 

 character in 30 cases well developed, twice to a medium extent, 

 and in no case slightly. 



