350 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



always) the two centre teeth merge into one ; in scales which 

 have a length of six to eight times as long as broad the two 

 lateral points have disappeared, leaving a long scale thicker at 

 two-thirds than one-third from the base ; sometimes the two 

 lateral teeth disappear the first, and leave a bilobed scale, which 

 persists as such up to scales having a length of about ten times 

 as long as broad, when the two lobes merge; the pedicular point 

 of attachment becoming later on merged into the lengthened 

 scale, so that the demarcation of scale and pedicle is not ap- 

 parent ; the whole then becomes a long brittle filament, with a 

 slightly punctured surface, and ending in an almost imper- 

 ceptible point, — typical androconia. One point in regard to 

 these androconia of P. paris is, that apparently they are nearer 

 in structure as to build and stoutness to P. hiaiior, Cram., than 

 to P. ganesa, DoubL, which latter species it most nearly re- 

 sembles in outward appearance. 



I sent the type-specimen for examination to the Hon. Walter 

 Kothschild, who considers it interesting as showing that too 

 much faith must not be placed upon the presence or absence of 

 the secondary sexual characters for defining genera, and with 

 which I now agree ; for (1st) while an individual of a species 

 may occur as an aberration possessing a character, sexual or 

 otherwise, which is not found in its genus, and the genus would 

 still be held as a good one ; yet (2nd) if two or more individuals 

 of a certain species of a genus, occurring as aberrations and 

 possessing a character showing transitions from the type of 

 their genus towards the type of an allied genus ; or again (3rd) a 

 specimen of a genus I will term A occurring as an aberration 

 possesses a character well developed, found normally in an aUied 

 genus B, and an individual of genus B, also found as an aberra- 

 tion, does not have this distinctive character of its genus ; it 

 follows that though the occurrence of the first type of aberration 

 which I designate "adventitious" would not affect the stability 

 of the genus to which it belonged, the occurrence of cases of 

 either the second type (transitional) or the third type (over- 

 lapping) would certainly merge together the two genera in 

 which these types of aberration appeared, though it would be 

 advisable, I think, to retain the newer genus as a subgenus if 

 possible. 



In his 'Ee vision of Papilios of the Eastern Hemisphere ex- 

 clusive of Africa,' Mr. Eothschild, speaking of Papilio hianor, 

 Cram., p. 379, says : — " I have specimens in which all the stripes 

 are separated from one another ; and such a variability is not to 

 be wondered at, as we find the cottony stripes variable in size 

 and number in all the species where they appear ; in some 

 insects, for example in P. crino^ Fab., and P. montrouzieri, Bois., 

 these sexual marks vary even to such an extent that certain 

 individuals have the stripes developed, while others have no 



