JOURNAL 



OF THE 



ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, 



Part II.— PHYSICAL SCIENCE. 

 No, I.— 1877 



I. — Q^i Himalayan Glaciation. — By J. F. Campbell, Esq., F. G. S. 



(Read January 17th, 1877.) • 



[We so seldom have the advantage of foreign opinion upon matters of scientific 

 ohservation in India, that the Society will no doubt welcome the following notes upon 

 Himalayan glaciation addressed to one of its Secretaries by Mr. J. F. Campbell, so well 

 known for his remarks upon ice-action in every quarter of the northern hemisphere. 

 The notes are left in their epistolary form, which is so well suited to communications 

 that do not pretend to be exhaustive.] 



Kotleh, Novemher Idtli, 1876, Kangra valley. 



My dear Sie, — On the 27tli Sept. I landed with jou at Bombay. 

 By your advice I have come here to look at certain marks supposed to be 

 glacial. Let me refer you to the second volume o£ ' Frost and Fird' for 

 marks which I had recognized when that book was printed. Let me refer 

 you to ' My Circular Notes.' (Macmillan 1875) for references to other 

 papers of mine on glacial subjects, and for the result of my observations 

 during thirty-five years. From these writings you may estimate my know- 

 ledge of glacial marks and my opinion. 



1. I have now skirted the base of the Himalayas from Hirdwar to 

 Lahore. In the plains of Europe and of North America, I have seen large 

 stones, carried great distances from parent rocks, say from a thousand to 

 fifteen hundred miles, over plains. These commonly are smoothed, polish- 

 ed, and grooved, exactly like stones which are found beneath existing 

 glaciers. These erratics reach as far south as icebergs now float in the 

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