1877.] J. F. Campbell — On Himalayan Olaciation. 7 



do not know from personal observation. But so far as I can learn from 

 photographs, and from people who have travelled in these glaeier regions, 

 there is nothing near these glaciers to indicate any extension, that implies 

 any great change in the local climate, any great elevation or a " glacial 

 period," that affected the whole world. 



Let me say in conclusion that this opinion founded on observation is 

 contrary to my old opinion founded upon theory. I came prepared to find 

 evidence of extensive glacial action here in Northern India about Lat. 30° 

 31'. I have found none. 



No. 2. 

 The Kangea big stones. 



Bhagsu, November 2Uh, 1876. 

 16. Mt dear Sir, — After sending you a paj)er from Kangra, in order 

 to make sure of my ground I went to " Dhada" on the 22nd. It is other- 

 wise named on the map, but that is the name now used here for a dak 

 bungalow eleven miles eastwards. I find that traditions regarding the 

 big stones resemble traditions about like stones elsewhere. They are 

 projectiles, about which mythical beings are concerned. One stone in 

 particular is a " deota" fenced in with a square wall, painted, and adorned 

 with flags and flowers. The large group in which it stands is said to be 

 the site of a battle, between hill people and j^lain peojDle, and these are their 

 missiles. The holy stone was thrown down by Shiv, to a Eani who prayed 

 to him. On that stone I found incised the " spectacle ornament" of 

 Scotch antiquaries in a cartouche. It is on the west side. Some one 

 has painted a pair of feet, to make this also a human figure and a 

 deota. Something like the sun is painted red on the east side, and 

 numerous devices on the south. Hanuman is on the north side of the next 

 stone to the south. The people walk in procession sun-wise about this 

 stone, and do puja to the pictures. I have seen nothing like this stone 

 " deota" elsewhere. At Dhada is the mouth of a y gorge where the fall 

 is about 12,000 feet in four horizontal miles, according to the map. It is a 

 holy spot much used as a place for burning the dead, whose ashes are cast 

 into the stream. It comes from a snow patch high up which is full of 

 large stones. Close to the bridge I found a section of the " Big stone 

 formation" and got to the solid rock surface under it, newly exposed, in a 

 gravel pit. The stuff is sorted in layers of varying coarseness, from fine 

 angular sand to the big stones. The bed rock is not glaciated. The 

 thickness of the deposit may be 80 to 90 feet. Manifestly this is the apex 

 of a Delta ^, in the jaws of a Y ravine, which has direct communication 



