1877,] Knowledge of tlie Burmese Flora. 1G5 



§ Scales of receptacle flat, very narrow, usually only 

 few. 

 EcLiPTA. Involucral bracts in 2 or 3 rows, the outer ones ovate-oblong. Disk- 

 florets 4-toothed. Ligules small, almost 2-seriate. Pappus none or shortly 2-awned. 

 Style -branches obtuse and flattened. Herbs, leaves simple, opposite. 



§ § Scales of receptacle concave or complicate, more or 

 less embracing or enveloping the disk-florets. 

 X Achcncs wingless, compressed or 4 — 5-cornered. 

 A Pappus united at the base into a ring or cup. 

 Flower-heads small or rather small. 

 Blainvillea. Ray-florets fertile, with small ligules. Disk-achenes crowned with 

 2 — 5 persistent awns united at the base into a cup or ring. Herbs, leaves opposite or the 

 upper ones alternate. Flower-heads peduncled or almost sessile. Florets white. 



Wedelia. Ray-florets fertile, with conspicuous spreading ligules. Disk-achenes 

 crowned by numerous minute scales or fringes or by 1 — 2 short deciduous awns united 

 at base into a cup or ring, or rarely the pappus very minute or obsolete. Herbs, leaves 

 opposite, simple. Flower-heads peduncled or almost sessile. Florets yellow. 



A A Pappus-scales or awns free from the 

 base. Flower-heads usually large. 

 X X Achenes of the disk laterally compressed (those 

 of the ray sometimes dorsally compressed or 

 3-quetrous), ciliate or winged on the margins. 

 Flower-heads small. 

 Spilanthes. Ray-florets, if present, fertile. Style-branches truncate and not 

 appendaged. Achenes usually ciliate. Awns of pappus if present very thin. Herbs, 

 leaves opposite. Receptacle conical. 



TiTHONiA. Ray-florets sterile. Awns of the pappus deciduous or persistent, the 

 intermediate scalelets persistent. Involucre-bracts striate at the base, stifi", elongate- 

 leafy at apex. Tall herbs, leaves alternate. Flower-heads on thickened peduncles. 



Helianthus. Ray-florets, if present, sterile. Awns of the pappus deciduous, of- 

 ten paleaceous, without intermediate scalelets. Tall herbs, leaves usually simple, oppo- 

 site or alternate. 



* * Receptacle naked (Helenioidese). 

 Tagetes. Involucre-bracts oily-glandular, in a single row, united into a toothed 

 cup. Pappus of 5 — 6 unequal scales or awns. Flower-heads usually radiate. Herbs, 

 leaves opposite, pinnatiseet or serrate. 



Suhtrib. 3. CAZHNDVZACJEJE. Flower-heads usually heterogamous, the 

 ray-florets ligulate, female or rarely neuter, the disk-florets tubular, hermaphrodite, but 

 sterile or rarely fertile (very rarely the heads homogamous and discoid). Receptacle 

 naked. Anthers usually with sagittate, but scarcely tailed base. Style-branches in 

 the disk-florets more or less concrete and thickened at the base. Achenes often hete- 

 romorph and variously curved. Pappus none, or replaced by a woolly crown. Leaves 

 alternate, or radical. 



Calendula. Rays rather long, spreading. Achenes much incurved, muricate on 

 the back, the margins sometimes dilated but not winged, those of the disk all abortive. 

 Pappus none. 



Subtrib. 4. ANTHEMIBE^. Flower-heads heterogamous, the females ligulate 

 or filiform or without corollas, the disk-florets hermaphrodite or male, or very rarely all 

 the florets tubular and hermaphrodite. Receptacle naked, or very rarely scaly. Anthers 



