106 Eleventh Annual Report 



Economic uses. Wood heavy, hard, strong, light brown. Used 

 in construction, fence posts and for fuel. Since the swamps have 

 been drained the supply of this species has rapidly decreased until 

 now it is of little economic importance. 



3. TSUGA. The Hemlocks. 



Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) C'arriere. Hemlock. Plate 11. 

 Tall trees with reddish-brown or grayish and deeply furrowed bark: 

 leaves short petioled, 1-1.5 cm. (^-J^ inch) long, flat or angular, 

 obtuse or notched, apparently 2-ranked, bright green, shiny above^ 

 bluish-white beneath, persisting for about three years; staminate 

 flowers appear early in the spring from buds in the axils of the leaves 

 of the previous year, the pistillate terminal, erect, oblong; fruit a 

 pendulous cone borne on the end of last year's branch, maturing 

 the first season, short stalked, ovoid, 1.5-2.5 cm. (3^-1 inch) long; 

 seeds 2 in the axil of each scale. 



Distribution. Nova Scotia west to eastern Minnesota, south to 

 Delaware and along the mountains to Alabama. In Indiana it is 

 found in limited numbers on the bluffs of Bean Blossom Creek in 

 Brown County; of Walnut and Raccoon creeks in Putnam, of 

 Sugar Creek in Montgomery and Parke, of Clear Creek between 

 Clark and Floyd counties, of Raccoon Creek in Owen and on the 

 north branch of the Muscatatuck River near Vernon in Jennings 

 County. In our area it sometimes reaches a height of 30 m. (95 

 feet) and a diameter of 5-7 dm. (20-28 inches). 



The published records of the distribution are as follows: Clark 

 (Baird and Taylor); vicinity of New Albany (Clapp); Parke and 

 Putnam (Ragan). 



Additional records are: Parke (Wright); Putnam (Grimes) and 

 (MacDougal) ; Brown, Crawford, Jennings, Montgomery, Parke, 

 Putnam and Owen (Deam). 



Economic uses. Wood light, soft, brittle, light brown, not dur- 

 able, difficult to work, splintery but holds a nail well. Used for 

 construction purposes. Where the tree is common the bark is 

 used for tanning purposes. The powdered bark is used in medicine. 



4. TAXODIUM. The Bald Cypress. 



Taxodium distichum (Linnaeus) L. C. Richard. Cypress. Plate 

 12. Straight tall trees usually with a buttressed base, frequently 

 hollow^ at the base. When grown in very wet situations it develops 

 steeple-like projections from the roots to above the water level 



