110 Eleventh Annual Report 



blunt and scale-like on the younger branches, and 4-ranked, yellow- 

 ish-green, about 6 mm. (3/8 inch) long; flowers appear early in the 

 spring from buds of the previous season at the ends of the branches; 

 cones maturing the first season, 1 cm. (^ inch) or less in length 

 and about 0.5 cm. (3/8 inch) in diameter, scales of cone 6-12. 



Distribution. New Brunswick south to North Carolina, west 

 to Minnesota and Manitoba. In Indiana it has been noted in only 

 a few of the northern counties, where it is found in swamps. 



The pubhshed records of the distribution are as follows: Ham- 

 ilton* (Wilson); Lake (Hill). 



Additional records are: Lake (Deam). 



Economic uses. Wood soft, brittle, rather coarse-grained, pale 

 yellow brown, durable, fragrant. In Canada where it is abundant 

 it is used for fence posts, telegraph poles, shingles and on account 

 of its Hghtness has been a favorite wood for making canoes. A 

 tincture and a fluid extract of the leaves are used in medicine. 



Horticultural value. It is frequently planted for ornamental 

 purposes and several horticultural forms have been developed. It 

 is adapted to all kinds of soils and exposures. Transplants readily 

 but grows slowly. It retains its lower limbs which makes it a de- 

 sirable tree to plant for a wind-break. The dwarf forms are com- 

 monly planted for hedges. 



6. JUNIPERUS. The Junipers. 



Juniperus virginiana Linnaeus. Red Cedar. Cedar. Plate 14. 

 Bark reddish-brown, shreddy; leaves sessile, opposite or ternate, 

 usually of two kinds, scale-like or awl-shaped, 4-ranked, appearing 

 as opposite, closely appressed, scale-like, bluish-green, 1.5-2 mm. 

 (about 1-16 inch) long, except on some of the vigorous branches or 

 seedlings where they are loose and about 1 cm. (^ inch) long; 

 flowers small, terminal or axillary; fruit berry-like covered with a 

 bloom, maturing the first season, bluish, 5-8 mm. (3^ inch) in dia- 

 meter, sweet, resinous; seeds usually 1-2. 



Distribution. Nova Scotia south to Georgia, west to Texas 

 and North Dakota. Found throughout Indiana although it 

 has not been reported from a few counties in the east central 

 part. It is found sparingly in the northern part usually on the 

 bluffs of streams, becoming frequent in the southern part of the 

 State, especially on sterile hillsides and in deserted fields. It is 

 a very slow growing tree and in our area rarely acquires a diameter 

 of 5 dm. (20 inches). 



*Doubties3 from a cultivated tree. 



