152 Eleventh Annual Repokt 



glandular; flowering season April or May, staminate catkins 2-3 

 cm. (J^-lJ/g inches) long, appearing early in the spring on the sides 

 of the twigs of the previous season; pistillate catkins 1-2 cm. {%-^ 

 inch) long, on the shoots of the season; nut ovate, about 5 mm, 

 (1/5 inch) long, somewhat compressed, each face with 4-6 promi- 

 nent ribs. 



Distribution. Northern Minnesota and southern Quebec, south 

 to the Gulf States and west to Texas and Kansas. It is frequent 

 in all parts of Indiana in moist rich soil. The proximity of streams 

 apparently has little influence on its distribution. It is quite toler- 

 ant in its moisture requirements, ranging from the tamarack bogs 

 to comparatively dry woods. It is tolerant of shade and is seldom 

 found outside of the forest. In our area it is usually a small tree 

 with a diameter of 1-2 dm. (4-8 inches) and a clear bole of 2-5 m. 

 (6-16 feet). 



The pubHshed records of the distribution are as follows: Cass 

 (Benedict and Elrod); Clark (Baird and Taylor) and (Smith); Del- 

 aware (Phinney); Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne (Phinney); 

 Franklin (Meyncke); Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton (Wilson); Jay 

 (McCaslin); Jefferson (Coulter) and (Young); Knox (Ridgway) and 

 (Thomas); Kosciusko (Clark) (Coulter) and (Youse); Lake (Higley 

 and Radden); Marion (Wilson); Miami (Gorby); Noble (Van Gor- 

 der) ; Parke (Hobbs) ; Posey (Schneck) ; Putnam (MacDougal) ; Steu- 

 ben (Bradner) ; Tippecanoe (Laben and Conner) ; Vigo (Blatchley) ; 

 Wabash (Benedict and Elrod); Wayne (Retry and Markle). 



Additional records are: Brown (Wright); Montgomery (Evans); 

 Putnam (Cook) and (Grimes) ; Tippecanoe (Coulter) ; Bartholomew, 

 Blackford, Crawford. Delaware, Hamilton, Hancock, Jackson, 

 Knox, Laporte, Morgan, Owen, Porter, Posey ,^Steuben, Vermillion, 

 Warren and Wells (Deam). 



Economic uses. Wood heavy, hard, tough, strong, light brown. 

 The tree is so small and crooked and the wood so difficult to work 

 that it is of little economic importance. 



2. OSTRYA. The Hop Hornbeams. 



(Ostrya is from the Greek, ostreon, a scale or shell, in allusion to the fruit.) 



Ostrya virginiana (Miller) Willdenow. Ironwood. Hornbeam. 

 (Ostrya virginiana (Miller) K. Koch.) Plate 34. A small tree with 

 shreddy brown bark; winter buds acute; branches slender; young 

 twigs green, hairy, becoming smooth and brown; leaves ovate to 

 lanceolate, acute at the apex, rounded wedge-shape or cordate at 



