192 Eleventh Annual Report 



Additional records are: Crawford and Gibson (Schneck); vicin- 

 ity of New Albany (Clapp); Posey (Wright); Putnam (Grimes) 

 and (MacDougal) ; Tippecanoe (Coulter) and (Dorner) ; Allen, 

 Brown, Decatur, Franklin, Hendricks, Jennings, Knox, Marion, 

 Morgan, Posey, Sullivan, Warren and Wells (Deam). 



Economic uses. Wood heavy, hard, strong, close-grained, sea- 

 sons with some difficulty. Uses same as that of white oak. 



9. Quercus rubra Linnaeus. Red Oak. Plate 52. Bark on 

 young trees and on the small branches of old trees smooth and 

 light gray, becoming on old trunks rather regularly and coarsely 

 fissured, ridges rounded, furrows usually not deep, dark gray; 

 branchlets at first green and hairy, soon becoming smooth and a 

 reddish-brown by the end of the season, and in two or three years 

 gray; winter buds ovoid, pointed, the terminal at fruiting time 

 about 6 mm. (3^ inch) long, reddish or chestnut brown, the inner 

 scales hairy, and the outer more or less hairy on the margins; 

 leaves oblong or obovate, 8-22 cm. (3-9 inches) long, generally 

 wedge-shaped at the base, sometimes truncate or rarely slightly 

 cordate, divided into 5-11 lobes, commonly 9, lobes generally ex- 

 tending about half way to the midrib, lobes wedge-shaped, taper- 

 ing from the base and mostly 3-toothed at the apex and tipped 

 with long bristles, hairy when they unfold, becoming smooth and 

 a dull dark green above, and smooth or with tufts of hairs in the 

 axils of the veins and a yellow-green beneath; petioles 2.5-5 cm. 

 (1-2 inches) long; acorns solitary or in pairs, sessile or on short 

 stalks; nut ovoid, 2-2.5 cm. (^-1 inch) long, flat at the base, 

 rounded at the apex, gray or reddish-brown, more or less pubescent, 

 especially at the apex, enclosed for about 34 its length in a shallow 

 saucer-shaped cup; cup flat at the base, rarely somewhat tapering; 

 scales blunt, light or reddish-brown, the margins a darker and red- 

 dish-brown, covered more or less with a grayish pubescence. 



Distribution. Nova Scotia and Minnesota, south to Florida and 

 west to Kansas. It is more or less frequent or common through- 

 out Indiana in moist rich woods and along streams. It is the 

 largest and most valuable of the biennial oaks. 



The pubhshed records are as follows : Cass (Benedict and Elrod) 

 and (Coulter) ; Clark (Baird and Taylor) and (Smith) ; Clay (Wilson) ; 

 Delaware (Phinney) ; Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne (Phinney) ; 

 Fountain (Brown); Franklin (Raymond) and (Meyncke); Gibson 

 (Schneck); Hamilton (Wilson); Jay (M'Caslin); Jefferson (Coulter) 

 and (Young); Knox (Ridgway) and (Thomas); Kosciusko (Clark); 

 Marion (Wilson) ; Miami (Gorby) ; vicinity of New Albany (Clapp) ; 



