State Boahd of Foin<:R'i'ilY. 205 



(Thomas); Kosciusko (Youso); Miami (CJorby); vicinity of New 

 Albany (Clapp); Noble (Van Gorder); Posey (Schneck) ; Putnam 

 (Wilson); Steuben (Bradner); Vigo (Blatchley). 



Additional records are: Tippecanoe (Coulter); Crawford, Floyd, 

 Franklin, Laporte, Owen, Posey, Steuben and Wells (Deam). 



Economic uses. Wood heavy, hard, strong, coarse-grained and 

 not as valuable as the red oak, from which it is not distinguished 

 commercially. Uses similar to that of the red oak. 



15. Quercus falcata Michaux. Black Oak. Red Oak. Plate 

 58. Bark thick, rather deeply fissured, furrows usually narrow, 

 sometimes wide, ridges generally broad, and broken into short 

 plates about 0.5 dm. (2 inches) long, varying from a light to a dark 

 gray, the outer dead bark reddish, the inner layers orange tinged 

 with red; shoots at first hairy, becoming at maturity nearly smooth 

 or remaining hairy, greenish-red or gray-brown, the second year be- 

 coming a dark gray brown; terminal winter buds ovoid, sometimes 

 somewhat angled, generally 4-6 mm. (1/5 inch) long at time of 

 fruiting, acute, light reddish-brown, more or less pubescent, scales 

 blunt; leaves ovate, oblong or obovate, very variable in outline, 

 8-22 cm. (3-9 inches) long, generally somewhat curved, wedge- 

 shaped, rounded or truncate at the base, shallow or deeply lobed, 

 generally about 2/3 of the distance to the midrib, lobes 3-11, com- 

 monly 5-9, the number, size and shape of the lobes exceedingly vari- 

 able, the longest lateral lobes are generally near the middle of the 

 leaf, sometimes the lowest pair, sometimes the upper pair are the 

 longest, terminal lobe triangular or oblong, generally widest at the 

 base, although frequently widest at the apex, lateral lobes widest at 

 the base and gradually becoming narrower toward the apex, rarely 

 somewhat wider at the apex, generally somewhat curved, lobes gener- 

 ally sharp pointed, sometimes wide-angled or rounded at the apex, 

 margins of the lobes entire, wavy, toothed or lobed, sinuses wide and 

 rounded at the base, dark green and smooth above at maturity, 

 generally densely pubescent beneath; petioles 1-6 cm. (^-23/^ 

 inches) long, pubescent, generally yellow; acorn sessile or nearly 

 so; nut broadly ovoid, nearly flat at the base, rounded at the apex, 

 about 1 cm. (^ inch) long, more or less pubescent all over, light 

 brown, enclosed for nearly half its length by the deep cup-shaped 

 cup; cup rounded at the base or somewhat tapering, pubescent 

 within; scales blunt, pubescent, reddish-brown, the margins darker 

 and smooth. 



Distribution. New Jersey and Missouri, south to Florida and 

 west to Texas. In Indiana it is confined to a few counties in the 



