214 Eleventh Annual Report 



Franklin (Haymond) and (Meyncke); Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton 

 (Wilson); Jay (M'Caslin); Jefferson (Young); Knox (Ridgway); 

 Kosciusko (Youse); Marion (Wilson); Miami (Gorby); Noble (Van 

 Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); Putnam (Wilson); Steu- 

 ben (Bradner); Vigo (Blatchley); Wabash (Benedict and Elrod); 

 Wayne (Petry and Markle). 



Additional records are: Putnam (Grimes) and (MacDougal); 

 Tippecanoe (Coulter) and (Dorner); Blackford, Crawford, Posey, 

 Steuben and Wells (Deam). 



Economic uses. Wood hard, tough, fibrous, flexible, difficult to 

 split. Warps very much on seasoning. Principally used for slack 

 cooperage. Also for agricultural implements, furniture, hubs, 

 crates, basket handles, trunk slats, veneer cores, stable floors, staves 

 and heading. Takes stains better perhaps than any of our native 

 woods and when varnished makes a good imitation of oak, mahog- 

 any or walnut. 



Horticultural value. It is a favorite for shade tree planting, easily 

 propagated, grows rapidly, adapted to wet, moist or fairly dry soils, 

 very variable in form, usually developing a vase shaped crown with 

 large arching branches and numerous gracefully drooping branch- 

 lets, leaf period long, long lived. Recently in a few locahties its 

 use for shade tree purposes has been discouraged on account of the 

 elm borer and elm-leaf beetle. 



2. Ulmus fulva Michaux. Slippery Elm. Red Elm. Plate 62. 

 Bark deeply fissured, reddish-brown; twigs round, grayish or light 

 brown, rough, pubescent; buds a dark chestnut-brown, covered with 

 rusty-brown hairs; leaves ovate-oblong, 10-15 cm. (4-6 inches) long, 

 sharply double-serrate, with callous-tipped teeth, hairy on both sur- 

 faces when they unfold, becoming at maturity thick, dark green, 

 very rough above, paler and rough and more or less pubescent be- 

 neath, yellow before falling, fragrant when dried and remaining so 

 for years; fruit ripening when the leaves are about one-half grown, 

 on short pedicels about 3 mm. (f/g inch) long, jointed near the base. 



Distribution. Basin of St. Lawrence River south to Florida and 

 west to North Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas. Found in limited 

 numbers in all parts of Indiana. It is adapted to a rich moist soil 

 and is found in drier situations than the white elm. It is associ- 

 ated with the sugar maple, beech, white ash, linn and yellow poplar, 

 and is generally frequent where these species are rather abundant. 

 A tree 20-25 m. (65-80 feet) high and 3-6 dm. (1-2 feet) in diameter. 



The published records of the distribution are as follows: Car- 

 roll (Thompson) ; Clark (Baird and Taylor) and (Smith) ; Dearborn 



