216 Eleventh Annual Report 



(Collins); Delaware (Phinney); Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne 

 (Phinney) ; Fountain (Brown) ; Franklin (Haymond) and (Meyncke) ; 

 Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton (Wilson); Jay (M'Caslin); Jefferson 

 (Coulter); Knox (Ridgway); Kosciusko (Clark); Marion (Wilson); 

 Marshall (Hessler) ; Miami (Gorby) ; vicinity of New Albany (Clapp) ; 

 Noble (Van Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); Steuben 

 (Bradner); Vigo (Blatchley); Wayne (Petry and Markle). 



Additional records are : Monroe (Blatchley) ; Putnam (Grimes) 

 and (MacDougal) ; Tippecanoe (Coulter) ; Crawford, Delaware, Ham- 

 ilton, Hancock, Knox, Madison, Posey and Wells (Deam). 



Economic uses. Wood hard, strong, light when well seasoned, not 

 warping as much as the preceding. On account of these qualities 

 it is a favorite wood among farmers for wagon racks. Uses same as 

 those of the white elm and in addition is used for bending stock, 

 wagon poles, cross-ties and fence posts. The supply in Indiana is 

 almost exhausted. The inner bark collected in the spring, is used 

 in medicine on account of its mucilaginous character. 



3. Ulmus Thomasi Sargent. Hickory Elm. Rock Elm. Plate 

 63. Similar in appearance, size and habit to the white elm, from 

 which it may be easily distinguished in the winter condition by the 

 corky ridges of some of the branchlets. The bark of the trunk re- 

 sembles that of the white elm; twigs brown and hairy, becoming 

 smooth after the first season; leaves oval to obovate, 5-12 cm. (2-5 

 inches) long, hairy on both surfaces when they expand, becoming 

 at maturity firm, smooth, or somewhat rough, rarely very rough, 

 dark green and shiny above, paler and pubescent beneath; fruit 

 ripening when the leaves are about one-half grown, on pedicels 

 about 0.5-1 cm. (J/g-/^ inch) long. 



Distribution. Quebec and Ontario south to northern New Jersey 

 and westward to Nebraska and Missouri. The distribution of this 

 species in Indiana is not definitely known, although it is beheved 

 to occur at least in sparing numbers in all parts of the State. It is 

 not commonly separated from the white and slippery elm. It was 

 no doubt more or less frequent throughout at least the eastern part 

 of Indiana since it is known to have been frequent in Noble, Wells 

 and Franklin counties. In some parts of the State persons famil- 

 iar with timber separate what they call the red elm from the 

 slippery elm. They say the red elm is difficult to split, has about 

 two inches of sap wood, bark bitter and not mucilaginous; that the 

 slippery elm splits more easily, sap wood about 1 inch thick and has 

 a mucilaginous bark. It is beheved that what is popularly known 

 and referred to as the red elm is the hickory elm, because it cor- 



