222 Eleventh Annual Report 



large tree, frequently 30 m. (95 feet) high and 1 m. (39 inches) in 

 diameter. 



The pubhshed records of the distribution are as follows: Car- 

 roll (Thompson); Clark (Baird and Taylor); Dearborn (Collins); 

 Delaware (Phinney) ; Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne (Phinney) ; 

 Fountain (Brown); Franklin (Haymond) and (Meyncke); Gibson 

 (Schneck); Hamilton (Wilson); Jay (M'Caslin); Jefferson (Coulter) 

 and (Young) ; Knox (Ridgway) and (Thomas) ; Kosciusko (Clark) ; 

 Lake (Higley and Radden) ; Marion (Wilson) ; Miami (Gorby) ; vicinity 

 of New Albany (Clapp) ; Noble (Van Gorder) ; Parke (Hobbs) ; Posey 

 (Schneck) ; Steuben (Bradner) ; Vigo (Blatchley) ; Wabash (Benedict 

 and Elrod); Wayne (Petry and Markle). 



Additional records are : Crawford (Schneck) ; Lake (Hill) ; Mont- 

 gomery (Evans); Putnam (Grimes) and (MacDougal); Tippecanoe 

 (Coulter); Allen, Crawford, Dearborn, Delaware, Floyd, Fulton, 

 Jefferson, Jennings, Lawrence, Monroe, Montgomery, Owen, Stark, 

 Vermillion and Wells (Deam). 



Economic uses. Wood yellowish-white, rather heavy, not strong, 

 coarse grained, soft, shrinks moderately, works well, takes a good 

 polish. Good clean lumber is sometimes sold for ash from which 

 it is difficult to distinguish, at least before seasoning. The supply 

 has been so reduced as to be of little economic importance. It is 

 used principally for building material, interior house finishing, 

 staves, heading, bending stock and implements. 



Horticultural value. Adapted to a moist rich soil, stands prun- 

 ing well but is somewhat difficult to train up to make desirable 

 shade or ornamental trees. Frequently used as a shade tree but 

 not equal to the elm which it most resembles. The leaves and 

 twigs are frequently affected with galls which detract from the ap- 

 pearance of the tree. 



2. Celtis piimila (Muhlenberg) Pursh. Hackbei^ry. Plate 66. 

 Bark thin, smooth and gray on the shrub-like forms, warty or 

 fissured near the base on the larger forms, ridges flat and broken, 

 dark-gray brown; twigs thorn-like, due to winter killing, at first 

 reddish-brown and hairy, at maturity becoming somewhat smooth 

 on the fruiting branches and remaining hairy on the vegetative 

 branches, gray brown; leaves of an ovate type, broadly-ovate to 

 oval-oblong, taper-pointed, unequal, rounded or sometimes cordate 

 at the base, margins generally entire or nearly so, frequently coarsely 

 toothed above the middle, rarely to near the base, hairy on both 

 sides when they first appear, becoming thick at maturity, smooth or 

 rough and dark green above, paler and smooth or nearly so beneath; 



