228 Eleventh Annual Report 



Kosciusko (Clark); Marion (Wilson); Miami (Gorby); Noble (Van 

 Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); Steuben (Bradner); 

 Vigo (Blatchley); Wayne (Petry and Markle). 



Additional records are: Marion (Shipman); Montgomery (Ev- 

 ans) and (Rose) ; Tippecanoe (Dorner) ; Bartholomew, Clark, Craw- 

 ford, Dearborn, Fountain, Franklin, Hancock, Knox, Marshall, 

 Montgomery, Owen, Posey, Wabash, Warren and Wells (Deam). 



Economic uses. Wood light, soft, rather tough, coarse-grained, 

 takes a good polish. Used principally for fence posts and crossties. 

 Too rare to be of any economic importance. Fruit edible and sells 

 on the market at about the same price as the blackberry. 



Horticultural value. It is hardy and transplants easily. The 

 fruit is a favorite with birds and squirrels. This tree could with 

 advantage be planted along the borders of orchards to attract 

 birds from the orchard fruits. The timber ranks next to the black 

 locust and osage orange in value for fence post purposes. 



2. Morus alba Linnaeus. White Mulberry. A small crooked 

 tree with white or pinkish fruit, introduced from the Old World, 

 escaped from cultivation in the southern part of the State. The 

 leaves are the principal food of the silk worm. 



The published records of the distribution are as follows: Clark 

 (Baird and Taylor) ; Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne (Phinney) ; 

 Jefferson (Coulter) and (Young) ; Kosciusko (Clark) ; Miami (Gorby) ; 

 Posey (Schneck). 



Additional records are: Jefferson (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); 

 Union (Rose). 



2. TOXYLON. The Osage Orange. 



(From the Greek, toxon, bow, Tylon, wood, meaning wood suitable for making bows). 



Toxylon pomiferum Rafinesque. Hedge. Osage Orange. {Mac- 

 lura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider.) Plate 69. Bark on young 

 trees gray, becoming on old trees deeply fissured and somewhat 

 shreddy, brown; mature twigs gray; spines about 1.5 cm. (% inch) 

 long; leaves 6-12 cm. (23/^-5 inches) long, pointed, rounded or some- 

 what cordate at the base, smooth and glossy green above; flowers 

 appear in May or June; fruit about 1 dm. (4 inches) in diameter, 

 resembling an orange. 



Distribution. Missouri and Kansas south to Texas. A small 

 thorny tree introduced into Indiana for hedge fences. Since land 

 has become so valuable its use has been discontinued and many 



