State Board of Forestry. 841 



usually absent, plane of leaf-scar usually parallel to the branch; 

 winter buds robust, about 5 mm. (3^^ inch) long, broadly ovate, 

 roundish pointed, with 3 pairs of scales, velvety black; leaves 3-4 

 dm. (12-16 inches) long, petioles smooth and grooved, leaflets 7-13 

 usually 9, variable in outhne, 6-10 cm. (23^-4 inches) long and 3-4 

 cm. (lM-1% inches) wide, wedge-shaped at the base, sometimes 

 rounded, taper-pointed, sharply serrate, lateral leaflets sessile, the 

 terminal one stalked, dark green above, paler beneath, glabrous on 

 both sides at maturity except a few clusters of brown hairs in the 

 axils of the veins beneath; flowers appear before the leaves in April 

 or May, calyx and petals wanting; fruit ripens late in the summer, 

 linear-oblong, broadest above the middle, 2-3 cm. (^-IM inches) 

 long, round at both ends, flat or slightly twisted. 



Distribution. Newfoundland and Manitoba south to Virginia, 

 southern Illinois and Arkansas. Found in most parts of Indiana. In- 

 frequent to rare in the extreme southern part, and it is doubted if 

 it occurs at all in a few of the southeastern counties. It is more 

 or less frequent in all of the northern counties in wet woods, on 

 the borders of swamps, lakes and streams. It is usually associated 

 with the water elm, burr and swamp white oaks, soft maples, linn, 

 Cottonwood, aspens and tamarack. In some of the wet woods of 

 the northern part of the State it sometimes composes one-third to 

 one-half of the stand. It is a medium sized tree, growing very tall 

 and straight. Usually about 3-4 dm. (12-16 inches) in diameter 

 and 20-25 m. (60-80 feet) in height. 



The published records of the distribution are as follows: Cass 

 (Benedict and Elrod); Clark (Baird and Taylor); Delaware, Jay, 

 Randolph and Wayne (Phinney); Fountain (Brown); Franklin 

 (Meyncke); Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton (Wilson); Jay (M'Caslin); 

 Jefferson (Coulter); Knox (Ridgway); Marion (Wilson); Miami 

 (Gorby); Noble (Van Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); 

 Steuben (Bradner); Vigo (Blatchley); Wabash (Benedict and El- 

 rod). 



Additional records are : Putnam (Grimes) ; Tippecanoe (Coulter) ; 

 Union (Rose); Blackford, Delaware, Knox, Madison, Porter, Steu- 

 ben and Wells (Deam). 



Economic uses. Wood heavy, rather soft, coarse-grained, not 

 strong, sap wood light, heart wood brown, very brash if grown where 

 it is wet, rather tough if grown in drier situations. Readily sepa- 

 rating into thin layers if pounded, hence its use in the manufacture 

 of hoops and baskets. Used for fuel, and by the pioneers for rails 

 and pieces from the buttressed bases for hames. 



