204 Pedler and Crombie — On the Tornado which [No 2, 



the direction in which, it is rotating, CE is the anterior radius, OF the 

 posterior radius; CL is the advancing, and CK the retrograding lateral 

 radius. It is obvious that all objects at E will be blown to the left, all 

 objects standing at E will be blown to the right of the line AB, while all 

 objects at L will be driven forward^ and all at K, backwards ; it is also 

 obvious that, as the circle moves up the line AB, they will encounter first 

 the force of the wind at E, and be knocked over to the left, and only those 

 which have withstood the wind at E will encounter the wind at E as the 

 tempest advances, and only these will be driven to the right. If the 

 line AB happen to be an unprotected stone wallj it is clear that, as the 

 storm proceeds, the whole of that stone wall will be thrown to the left 

 by the wind at right angles to the anterior radius, none of it will be 

 thrown to the right by the wind at F, because it will probably have 

 previously been demolished by the wind at E. If, however, the wall be 

 placed in the line KL at right angles to the line of progress of the 

 storm, all to the right of the vortex will be thrown down forwards 

 by the advancing lateral radius of the whirlwind, while all to the left 

 will be thrown down backwards by the retrograding lateral radius. 

 This was clearly indicated by the storm of the 7th of April. It struck 

 the Buckland Bund nearly at a right angle about 90 paces above the 

 Nawab's palace. Here there was a garden having a south and a north 

 wall both running parallel to the Bund, and therefore at right angles to 

 the line of the advancing storm. The south wall, next the Bund, was 

 low, but topped by an ornamental cast iron railing, and the north wall was 

 about 10 fefet high. To the east of a certain point, the cast iron railing 

 on the south wall was driven into the garden by the wind on the ad- 

 vancing lateral radius CL, while all to the west of the same point was 

 driven on to the Bund by the retrograding wind on the radius CK. 

 The north wall was treated in the same way. All to the east of a 

 certain point, directly opposite the point on the south wall, was driven 

 forwards into the compound of the house being built for Sulimullah 

 Miya, while all to the west of that point was driven by the retrograd- 

 ing lateral wind backwards into the garden. The corresponding points 

 of these two walls showed precisely where the vortex of the tornado 

 passed over them, and fixed the track of the vortex at this part of its 

 course ; and the way in which these two walls fell was alone sufficient, 

 if no other evidence had been forthcoming, to prove that this storm 

 was a tornado, and also that the wind was circling from right to left, 

 as in the diagrams I have drawn. The action of the storm on this part 

 of the Buckland Bund is shown in Fig. B., PL XXVII. Unfortunately 

 other evidence was only too plentiful. On the opposite bank, the storm 

 had, before crossing the river, burst through a belt of trees, some 300 



