1901.] L. do Niceville — Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 15 



inasmuch as in Borneo as well as in Sumatra there are " double " 

 forms of Tronga and Menama. He says that he possesses, for example, 

 specimens of Tronga niasica, Moore, from Nias Island with rounded 

 forewings and others with angled forewings. That is quite probable, 

 most likely in addition to Tronga niasica there is an undescribed 

 species of Menama from that island, which I have not seen, though 

 I have many males of T. niasica. Mr. Fruhstorfer also notes that 

 the E. {Tronga) crameri of Lucas which I recorded from Bali seems to 

 belong to E. crameri tenggerensis, Fruhstorfer. This is not absolutely 

 the case, as my single specimen from that island does not agree entirely 

 with Mr. Fruhsfcorfer's new subspecies, as it has fewer and smaller spots 

 on the forewing, so is not typical, and is certainly in my opinion not a 

 species distinct from E. crameri. In the genus Euploea I do not con- 

 sider as a rule an extra spot or two, or even a whole series of spots, of 

 any specific value whatever; the maculation in Etiploeas is in nesiTly 

 every species a most variable character. Lastly Mr. Fruhstorfer notes 

 that it is curious that no species of Tronga has been found in 

 the island of Palawan in the Philippines, but tliat in the other parts of 

 the Malayan region there are two distinctly marked species of Tronga 

 which may be classified according to the following scheme : — 



A. Hindwing with a prominent row of submarginal dots : — under 

 which be places (1) T. crameri, Lucas, (2) T. crameri hrookei, Moore, 

 (3) T. crameri marsdeni, Moore, (4) T. crameri hremeri, Felder, (5) T. 

 crameri moorei, Butler [incorrect, as this is a Menama, not a Tronga^, 

 (6) T. crameri pagenstecheri, Hagen, (7) T. crameri tenggerensis, 

 Fruhstorfer, and ab. hiseriata, Fruhstorfer, (8) T. crameri biseriafa, 

 Moore, and (9) T. crameri morrisi, Hagen. He notes that T. daatensis, 

 Moore, T. tubuana, Moore, T. Johanna, Kirby, and T. olivacea, Moore, all 

 fall to T. crameri, Lucas. As regards T. olivacea this is incorrect from 

 even Mr. Fruhstorfer's views of the genus Tronga, as that species is, 

 according to Dr. Moore himself, based on a small female variety of 

 T. bremeri, Felder. 



B. Hindwing with a double series of very large clear white spots : — 

 under which he places (1) T. pryeri, Moore, (2) T. pryeri heyleertsii, 

 Moore, (3) T, pryeri niasica, Moore, (4) T. pryeri tnentawica, Hagen, and 

 (5) 2\ pryeri nicevilIei,Moove. Of T. crameri brooJcei, Moore, he notes 

 that it is perhaps a drj^-season form of T, crameri, Lucas ; while of 

 T. pryeri heylsertsii, Moore, he r.otes that it is apparently a rainy-season 

 form. These surmises are I think quite incorrect, as in Borneo, Sumatra, 

 and the Malay Peninsula, where these species are said to occur, very few 

 butterflies indeed exhibit seasonal changes, there being no well-marked 

 wet- and dry«seasons, rain falling almost throughout the year, and 



