80 H. W. Peal — Monograph of the Oriental AleurodiJas. [No. 3, 



inal segments clearly defined. Sides and divisions of thorax apparent, 

 the sides being bounded by a three-lobed line. Three faint lines run- 

 ning from suture between pro and mesothorax, one cephalad and two 

 cephalo-laterally to margin. The cephalo-lateral lines are really more 

 or less clearly defined yellow bands. In some specimens a fairly broad 

 distinct margin can be observed, but in others the margin gradually 

 merges into the central dorsal area, there being no well defined inner 

 edge. In some the margin is extremely pronounced but this is appar- 

 ently only the case when the insect is parasitized. As in the larvae of 

 the three preceding stages there are two small setae cephalad on mar- 

 gin and four (the two inner long and placed on tubercles) on the caudal 

 margin. Vasiform orifice conical, apex pointing caudad ; corners round- 

 ed. Anterior margin flat. Edge of orifice tinged with brown. Cau- 

 dad there is a channelled passage extending to margin. Operculum 

 broader than long, nearly filling aperture of vasiform orifice. Anterior 

 margin flat, posterior margin concave, lateral margins convex and angled 

 inwards to posterior margin. Corners rounded. Colour brown, poste- 

 rior edge darkest. Lingula long, cylindrical, spatulate at tip. It pro- 

 jects about one-third its length beyond the operculum. Colour brown. 

 There are two rounded yellow ridges which lie one on each side of the 

 vasiform orifice. They are prolonged caudad to margin. The channel- 

 led passage is situated between them. The two long caudal setae are 

 situated on the end of these ridges. Small tufts of brown wax are se- 

 creted at margin at end of these ridges and also where the cephalo- 

 lateral bands touch the margin. There is an extremely light and nar- 

 row marginal fringe of wax. Normally the pupa is semitransparent, 

 flat, and its lower surface adheres closely to the surface of the leaf. 

 The longitudinal cephalic, and radial cephalo-lateral lines are then 

 fairly distinct. As the pupa matures the dorsum becomes convex, the 

 central area becomes yellow and the margin turns an opaque white. 

 The cephalic and cephalo-lateral radial lines are then very distinct. 

 Parasitized pupae however have an entirely different appearance. The 

 insect is then more or less opaque, the colour ranging from a uniform 

 yellow through shades of brown and red brown to black. Usually how- 

 ever the parasitized pupa has two dark brown blotches one on the thorac- 

 ic and one on the abdominal region, the rest of the dorsum being of a 

 yellow or cream colour. When the parasite pupates it shows up as a 

 brown and black patch within the central area of the dorsum. The 

 dorsum of a parasitized pupa is invariably highly convex, almost globu- 

 lar in fact. Pupae from which the parasite has emerged are of a dark 

 yellow or brown colour, while those which develop normally and from 

 which the insects have emerged in due course are of a dull semitrans- 



