138 A. 13. Wynne — Notes on an Tlartliquake in the Panjah. [No. 3, 



here as part of the same earthquake felt in the other places mentioned, but 

 the directions and duration are so very different as to suggest that the 

 undulation, if generated near a line reaching from the Simla portion of the 

 Himalaya, towards and beyond Peshawar, met with some resistance or dis- 

 turbing force by which it was deflected or even reflected, and its effects 

 rendered cumulative, so that the shock was felt for a greatly longer period. 



Masuri. An earthquake shock at Masiiri is so mentioned in the 

 " Pioneer" as to render it presumably that of March 2nd, and as a result it 

 is stated that springs had ceased to flow. 



The following table of the directions from which the shock was felt 

 to come at different places may be useful. 



Kohat, N 



Peshawar, / -r-. l^ i 



TT J. n/r 1/ r From the west. 



Hoti Mardan, V 



Abbot tabad, ^ 



Murree, From the south ? 



Rawalpindi, From west by north. 



Lahore, Uncertain. 



Simla, From south of east and north-east. 



It will be seen from these brief notes that the effects of the shock of 

 March 2nd were more or less forcibly felt over the whole of the Upper 

 Punjab and neighbouring regions. The sj^ace being so large, the most 

 favourable conditions for observing earthquake phenomena — i. e., constant 

 homogeneity and elasticity of the rocks forming the earth's crust — could 

 scarcely have been expected. Mountain regions being exceptionally un- 

 favourable from the form of the ground and liability to variety of for- 

 mations, fissures, planes of displacement &c,, much disturbance of the earth- 

 wave, and variation of effect might have been anticipated ; and yet it would 

 appear that the shock must have been almost simultaneously felt along the 

 whole western outer Himalayas and their continuation, from Masuri to 

 Peshawar, in a direct line some 455 miles apart. 



Assuming 30 miles a minute to be a high rate for transmission of an 

 earthquake wave (Mallet, Admiralty Manual of Scientific Enquiry) and 

 that this shock originated near either Peshawar or Masuri the passage of 

 the wave from one station to the other would have occupied about 15 

 minutes, and it should have been observed so much later at one of these 

 places, which would perhap)s be a large error to attribute to the time 

 recorded. But if the shock started from a j)oint near midway between and 

 occupied half the time in reaching these points almost simultaneously, then 

 a smaller error of time would be both possible and difficult to detect from 

 the records at hand. There is, however, no information available regarding 

 the earthquake from the vicinity of Kishtwar, which would be about half 



