1878.] A. B. Wynne — Notes on an Eao'tliqualie in the Punjab. 139 



way in the Himalayas, though at Lahore, nearly in the same relative 

 situation, on the plains, the time given is " about noon"" according to 

 observations made, or the same as at either extremity of the region known 

 to have been disturbed. 



However these considerations might indicate a seismic centre among 

 the mountains somewhere on the Simla side o£ Kashmir, the observed mo- 

 tion of the undulations both at Simla and towards Peshawar are against 

 the supposition of such an origin, even though a considerable amount of 

 this motion be attributed to secondary vibrations masking the main earth 

 wave. 



If the disturbance had one common source, and if the primary un- 

 dulation reached the earth's surface at almost the same time at all the 

 widely distributed points indicated, it may perhaps be a legitimate deduction 

 that the place from which it originated was very deep-seated, or else that the 

 conditions of the earthquake were somewhat peculiar and the disturbances 

 were initiated along an extended line rather than at any particular point. 



It will be noticed that the greatest differences in the results, so far 

 as the information collected extends, took place at Simla, Lahore, and 

 Ferozpur ; differences both in the duration and direction of the motion* 

 which would render further information most desirable, and 'it will be 

 observed that this disparity coincides in a way with the marked general 

 change in the alignment of the mountain ranges. All the stations close 

 to the outer Himalaya in the upper Punjab, whence I have obtained any 

 details, stand among or adjacent to ranges belonging to the east-west, or 

 west -by-south system, prevailing on the Peshawar side of the Jhelum 

 valley, while Simla and Masuri are upon or near ranges having the north- 

 westerly bearing common to the main direction of the western Himalayan 

 chains. On the supposition that the earth-wave travelled from the west 

 as indicated by so many of the upper Punjab observations, it would have 

 passed longitudinally amongst the western mountains and under the ad- 

 jacent Kawalpindi plateau towards the east as far as the Jhelum valley 

 sinus, and, meeting the oblique ranges beyond, might have manifested itself 

 in a different manner. 



The varying geological structure of the whole region does not appear 

 to have appreciably influenced the results of the earthquake's manifestation 

 at different places. Peshawar stands in an alluvial plain ; Attock close to 

 the edge of the Indus flats (at their junction with, but more correctly,) 

 upon a mass of slates. Abbottabad is close to, if not actually traversed 

 by, a long line of fault having a very large (unestimated) displacement and 



* In the case of Murreo my informant seems rather uncertain, as to the direc- 

 tion, but my Lahore information is positive as to this being N. and S. though from 

 which is not stated. 



