1878.] of tJie Genus Ennncem. 199 



their relative positions to each other depend greatly on the condition of the 

 panniculm carnosus, and that the spines only hecome irregularly intermixed 

 through contractions o£ this muscle which, when relaxed, permits the spines 

 to lie flat and regularly. 



On the lahel of an example of E. alhiclus, collected by Stoliczka, he has 

 written, " outer edge of nostrils ciliated." On looking at the nostril in all 

 the Indian species of hedgehog, I find that the outer edge, more especially the 

 upper crescentic half, is provided with a papillary valve which serves to close 

 the orifice. In U. grayi, it forms a distinct fringe of 12 papillae. 



The spines of the Indian and Western Asiatic hedgehogs are grooved 

 and ridged, the ridges being covered with fine tubercles. The numbers of 

 the ridges on the spines of the same animal are subject to considerable 

 variation, and the degree to which the tubercles are developed appears to 

 vary, so that stable specific characters are not yielded by these structures. 



The foregoing characters, therefore, permit of the Indian hedgehogs 

 being resolved into the following groups, and of the species being recognized 

 by the characters under which they are grouped. 



A. Second tjppee peemolar simple, one-panged. 

 a. Feet cluh-shaped, soles tubercular. 

 I. A division or bare area on the vertex. 

 No malar bone : a prominent dark brown band through the eyes 

 on to the neck. A white frontal band. Spines orange 

 with apices white, succeeded by a narrow dark brown band. 



Ears moderate. Fur below white, limbs brown, E, microjpus. 



A perfect malar bone : a brown band through the eyes and 

 only very rarely prolonged on to the neck, stopping at the 

 angle of the mouth. Spines broadly white at apex, suc- 

 ceeding brown band rather pale : no orange tint on spines. 

 Ears round and not large, but larger than in the preced- 

 ing species. Limbs pale brown, under-surface white, ... E. pictus. 



B. Second upper premolar compound, THREE-FANaED. 

 h. Feet ivell developed and hroad, 

 II. No division or bare area on the vertex. 

 No large mesial pad on the hind foot. Head elongated and 

 muzzle long. Ears large, high and pointed. General 



colour dark brown, E. grayi. 



Mesial pad on the hind foot very feeble. Head short, muzzle 

 not elongated. Ears moderately large, not high and not 

 pointed. General colour black above, fuliginous-brown 



below, E' hlanfordi, 



26 



