1890.] delations hehveen the Hills and Plains of Northern India. 27 



The following gives similar data for the neighbouring plain sta- 

 tions : — 





Rawalpindi, 



Ludhiana. 



Bareilly. 



Day of month. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Maximum, 



Minimum. 



3rd 



4th 



8th 



9th 



21st 



22nd 



+ 6-4° 

 + 4-3° 

 + 23° 



+ 7-8° 

 + 5-9° 



+ 0-8° 

 + 31° 

 -5-9° 

 -2-0° 

 -3-3° 



+ 7-0° 

 + 9-6° 

 + 5-6° 

 + 5-2° 

 + 6-4° 

 + 5-6° 



+ 3-6° 



-0-6° 



+ 2-4° 

 -2-8° 

 -4-9° 

 -0-3° 



+ 7° 

 + 1-7° 



+ 5-2° 



+ 2-7° 

 + 4-7° 

 + 3-6° 



-4-6° 

 + 2-1° 

 -4-2° 

 -3 9° 

 -16" 

 -3-4° 



Average 



+ 5-3° 



-1-5° 





-0-4° 



+ 3-1° 



-2 6° 



J 



Range of 

 variation ... 



6-8° 



7-0° 



5-7° 



These figures are very consistent and establish that in these periods 

 Tinder discussion the day temperature was considerably above the average 

 at the plain stations and the night temperature was generally below it but 

 by smaller amounts. They also shew that what may be termed the range 

 of variation from the normal diminished from west to east in the plain of 

 Northern India. 



Hence it may be inferred that the tempera,ture conditions of periods 

 of ordinary anticyclonic weather in Upper India are : — 



(a.) — Increased day and night temperatures at the hill stations, the 

 excess being nearly as great in the night as it is in the day temperatures, 

 so that practically the daily range is unaltered. 



(&.) — Increased day and decreased night temperature and hence a 

 much greater daily range of temperature at the plain stations. 



(c.) — When these conditions are most pronounced, in consequence of 

 the opposite variations of the night temperatures at the hill and plain 

 stations, the minimum temperature is occasionally during such periods 

 several degrees higher at the hill stations than in the adjacent plains. 

 The data for January 1889 also shew that the low temperature in the 

 plains, more especially when compared with the hill stations, is not a 

 phenomenon of valleys or of the low lying districts in the immediate 

 neighbourhood of the hills, but may extend over the whole of Northern 

 and Central India, and therefore to a distance of some hundreds of miles 

 from the mountains of Northern India. 



The same tables (I to IV) also give three examples of very low tem • 

 perature of the hill stations during stormy weather. These are : — 

 1^^, the night of the 13th. 



