1890.] Hot Springs in South Bihar. 231 



March when I revisited the spot no spring was visible, and on digging 

 down two feet the temperature of the water found only registered 103° F. 

 Bdinsa pahdr hot spring is also to be regarded as an offshoot from 

 Sita-kund, from which it is distant about one-third of a mile in a south- 

 easterly direction. These three last springs lie almost in a straight line 

 — Sita-kund being in the middle. This spring emerges from a fissure in 

 quartzite rock at the base of the small hill of Bainsa which also consists of 

 similar rock. At my visit in March it was a sluggish spring in a puddle 

 polluted both by men and cattle. No sulphuretted smell was perceptible. 

 The water is only drunk by cattle. 



Bhaduria hhur, or the ' cleft of Bhaduria ' hill, is a hot spring which 

 is locally believed to be a branch of Rishi-kund hot spring about two miles 

 further E. S. E. on the other side of the range of hills. The spring, 

 which is much cooler than Rishi-kund, emerges at the foot of Bhaduria 

 hill from amongst masses of quartzite rock accompanied by a free dis- 

 charge of gaseous bubbles, devoid of smell and uninflammable. The water 

 is drunk by men and cattle. Much confervoid growth is present. This 

 seems to be the spring described by Buchanan* as " about five or six miles 

 south from Sita-kunda, at the western foot of the ridge running south 

 from Mungger and at a place called Bhurka." The spring, however, is 

 over seven miles from Sita-kund, and its temperature at my visit was 

 98*5° F., compared with the temperature of 112° given by Buchanan. 



The names of these hot springs, it will be seen, are all trivial, usually 

 meaning simply ' hot water.' 



The Chemical Composition of the water and of the gaseous contents 

 of the springs could not be very fully ascertained, owing to the great diffi- 

 culty of properly collecting and carrying off from such remote places a 

 sufficient quantity of material for analysis. In only four instances was I 

 able to collect and safely transport suitable samples of the water, which 

 Dr. Warden, the Chemical Examiner, has very kindly analysed with the 

 results shown in the accompanying table : — 



