1899.] L. de Niceville— Lw^ oj the Butterflies of Ceylon. 191 



Burma, in the Andamaiis and Nicobars, Southern China and Hainan 

 Island. In India it has often beeu bred. 



48. JuNONiA LEMONIAS, Linnasus. 



Not so abundant in Ceylon as /. atUtes, Linnagus, and found in 

 the same regions. Occurs also throughout India, Burma, the Malay 

 Peninsula., Indo-China, Southern China, Formosa, Hainan, the Philip- 

 pines, and has been recorded from Japan. Transformations known. 



49. JuNONiA ALMANA, Linnasus. 



Moore as J", asterie, Linnaeus, which is the wet-season form, while 

 true /. almana occurs in the dry-season. It is abundant in the low 

 country. Found all over India, Burma, the Malay Peninsula, in the 

 Andamans and Nicobars, China, Formosa, Hainan, Japan, Sumatra, 

 Java, Borneo, Bali, and the Philippines. Its transformations are well 

 known. 



50. Cdpha PLACiDA, Moore. 



The Ceylon insect is a good local race of the Indian G. erymantJns, 

 Drury, in South India the two species gradually merge into one 

 another. Mr. Fruhstorfer in Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 198 (1898) 

 has described the form from South India intermediate between true 

 ,0. erymanthis and G. placida as C erymanthis maja. This form cannot 

 in our opinion rank even as a subspecies, as it is not constant to loca- 

 lity. In Ceylon G. placida is widely distributed but not abundant, 

 more common in the low country, found rarely at Nuwara Eliya, in 

 jungle near water, and is not easy to capture in good condition. Its 

 transformations have been described, the larva feeds on Flacourtia. 



61. Cethosia nietneri, Felder. 



Peculiar to Ceylon, replaced in Southern India by the allied 

 G. mahratta, Moore, Very common in the low hill country round Kandy, 

 rarely met with at Colombo in June and July. Its handsome larva 

 and pupa are well known. 



52. Cynthia asela, Moore. 



Peculiar to Ceylon, replaced in South India by the closely-allied 

 C. saloma, de Niceville. In Ceylon it is locally common in the low 

 country and the middle hill districts. As usual in the genus, the 

 female is much less commonly seen than the male, and on the wing 

 may be mistaken for G. nietneri, Felder. It is generally found in thick 

 jungle near water. Its transformations have been recorded. 



