1899.] L. de Niceville— JDis^ of the Butterflies of Ceylon. 193 



H. misippus is found in Ceylon in tlie low country in September, but is nofc 

 abundant. It is very widely spread, occurrinjr even in North America, 

 nearly all over Africa, in Southern Asia, Malayana, and Australia, 

 also in many oceanic islands. Its transformations are well known. 



59. Ptrameis cardui, Linnaeus. 



This cosmopolitan butterfly is found everywhere in Ceylon com- 

 monly. Its earlier stages have been recorded for centuries. 



60. Pyrameis indica, Herbst. 



The Ceylon form of this species, which also is found in Southern 

 India, has, quite unnecessarily we think, been named by Mr. Fruhstorfer 

 in Ent. Nach., vol. xxiv, p. 61 (1898), P. indica nnhicola. In Ceylon it 

 is found only at high elevations such as Nuwara Eliya and the Horton 

 Plains, where it is not uncommon. It is more plentiful in some seasons 

 than in others, and flies throughout the year. It occurs in Madeira, the 

 Canary Isles, Southern Europe, the Himalayas, Assam, Northern 

 Burma, China, Corea, Japan, Formosa, the Philippines, and M. Oberthiir 

 has recorded it from Australia. Its transformations have been recorded. 



61. Vanessa haronica, Moore. 



A local race of the Indian V. canace, Linnaeus ; found also in 

 Burma, the Malay Peninsula, China, Corea, Japan and Hainan Island, 

 Not uncommon in the upper and middle hill districts of Ceylon, 

 occasionally found at much lower elevations, and nearly all the year 

 round. Its larva and pupa are known. 



62. Kallima philarchus, Westwood. 



Found only in Ceylon. It occurs locally common at Kandy, 

 Kurunegalla, Haldummulle, and Ratigalla amongst other places in July 

 and again in November and December. It is strongly attracted by old 

 beer casks, toddy, decaying fruit, and " sugaring "the tree trunks with 

 sugar and rum or with toddy, all of these are a sure bait if used where 

 the butterfly is found. K. macJcwoodi, Moore, from Ceylon, is not 

 distinct from K. philarchus, that species varying much in the depth of 

 colouring and the number and position of the hyaline spots on the 

 forewing. On the underside it is extremely variable, some specimens 

 having a pale grey ground-colour, others a deep red, and so on. It 

 is almost a perfect mimic of a dead leaf when at rest with its wings 

 folded. It has not been bred in Ceylon, but the larva of the allied 

 K. wardi, Moore, in South India feeds on Strobilanthes. 



