218 L. de Niceville— iis^ of the Butterjiies of Ceylon. [No. 3, 



Ceylonese butterflies were considered by the old authors to have come 

 from Tranquebar, the port of shipment, which were really not caught 

 there, but close by in Ceylon. Java is probably altogether an incorrect 

 locality. Secondly, in one particular (though otherwise it is excellent 

 and unmistakable), Cramer's figure (that of a female) differs from our 

 specimens in that the upperside of the forewing shews four white spots 

 on the apical white area while there should only be three, and moreover 

 these spots instead of foiming a curved line as they do in our specimens 

 are shewn in pairs in echelon. As, however, this discrepancy is probably 

 due to incorrect drawing, and there is no other species known which 

 fits the figure better than the present one, de Niceville has no doubt that 

 the figure was taken from our species, especially as it is immensely 

 common in Ceylon, is given to migrating, and is the most likely one to 

 have been obtained by the old authors. L. de Niceville's identification 

 of this species does not coincide with that of Dr. Butler's as set 

 foi th by him in Ann and Mag. of Nat. Hist., seventh series, vol. ii, 

 p. 397, n. 10 (1898), de Niceville believing that A. paulina is strictly 

 confined to Ceylon, Butler recording it from India, Indo-China and 

 Malaya. Dr. Butler also gives Gatophaga leis, Hiibner, as a synonym 

 of Catuphaga paulina, de Niceville believing that species to be quite 

 distincit. A. paulina is found all over Ceylon, but is more common 

 at the commencement of the monsoons than as any other limes, when 

 it migrates in immense swarms. Strangely enough it has never been 

 bred. 



166. Appias libythea, Fabricius. 



Not common in Ceylon and mostly confined to the low country in 

 the north and extreme south. The extent of the black markings on the 

 upperside of the forewing in both sexes is variable. Two females in 

 Manders' collection from the hill country, 4,500 to 5,000 feet, are much 

 more heavily marked than those from the Hambyarama Tank, 500 foot. 

 It is found nearly all over India. The larva as usual in the genus 

 feeds on Cnpparis, but it also eats the leaves of Cratseva. 



167. Appias taprobana, Moore. 



Moore as A. taprohana, and A. aperta, Butler ( = A. vacans^ Builer). 

 This species is the South Indian and Ceylonese local race of the widely- 

 spread A. hippo, Cramer, of Northern India, Burma, Malay Peninsula, 

 Indo-China, China, and the Malay Archipelago. In Ceylon A taprohana 

 is an abundant insect in the low country. The larva feeds on capers 

 (Cnpparis) as usual. 



