100 WEEDS OF ESSEX COUNTY ; 



Cichory, Cichorium Iiitybiis, a deep-rooted weed, and one that 

 spreads very fast. Hay fields aud roadsides ; too common. European. 



Hawkbit, Fall Dandelion, Leontodon mitumnale, fields and road- 

 sides, destroying the turf on banks aud lawus. European. 



Common Dandelion, Taraxacum Dens-leonis, grows in fields and 

 pastures. 



Blue or False Lettuce, Mulgedium, and Sow Thistle, Sonchus, are 

 coarse weeds in cultivated swamp land. 



Order Lobeliacese. 



Indian Tobacco, Lohelia inflata, in raowed land it is often abundant. 

 In hay it causes horses to slaver, and is hurtful for cows to eat. 



Order Plantaginacese. 



Common Plantain, Plantago major, near dwelllngs, yards and waste 

 plnces. European. 



Rib-grass English Plantain, Plantago lanceolata, grows in dry fields 

 and lawns, its long thin leaves escaping the raovver. European. 



Order Scrophulariaceaa. 



Mullein, Verbascum Thapsus, roadsides, pastures and old fields. 

 European. 



Toad-Flax, Butter-and-Eggs, Linaria vulgaris, old fields and road- 

 sides; very troublesome in graiu fields. European. 



Order Labiatae. 



Motherwort, Leonurus Cardiaca, waste places and around dwellings. 

 European. 



Order Borraginacese. 



Viper's Bugloss, Echium vulgare, roadsides and waste places in 

 Beverly, Danvers and Middleton. It is a bad weed in cultivated 

 fields iu Virginia. European. 



Order Convolvulacese. 



Bind-weed, Convolvulus arvensis, abundant in Salem and vicinity, 

 growing in dense raats and seeding rapidly. It is a perennial low 

 climber, twining upon the grass and everytliing wiLhin its reach. 



Hedge Bind-weed, Calystegia sepium, is another climbing weed, and 



